Enteric Duplication Cyst Located at the Posterior Tongue: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature

The lingual localization of an enteric duplication is extremely rare but may present with respiratory and feeding problems that require emergency intervention. A 7-month-old boy was brought to our clinic with feeding difficulties and tongue swelling. Physical examination showed a cystic lesion located near the left side of the tongue base that caused tongue protrusion to the contralateral side. During surgery, a 3-cm diameter opaque thick-walled cyst was found to be very closely adherent to the base of tongue, which was excised in its entirety. Following surgery, the patient fed during the early postoperative period and no complications were observed other than hypersalivation. On histological examination, a cystic lesion lined with intestinal mucosa and goblet cells was found. We present the rare case of a duplication cyst of the posterior tongue, with a literature review

Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the prevention of stress ulcer in rats

Stres, birçok hastalığın etyopatogenezinde sorumlu tutulan önemli faktörlerden biridir. Stresin neden olduğu bu hastalıklardan biri de gastrik ülserdir. Gastrik ülser stres kaynaklı oluşursa, stres ülseri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Klinik olarak kullanılan ajanların stres ülseri gelişimini önlemede istenen yeterlilikte olmaması üzerine bu konuda birçok deneysel çalışma yapılmış ve yapılmaya devam edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı antioksidan ve antiinflamatuvar bir ajan olan caffeic acid phenethyl ester'in stres ülseri üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada 30 adet Wistar Albino türü sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar kontrol, stres ve CAPE olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Stres ve CAPE gruplarına ?soğukta immobilizasyon ile stres ülseri modeli? uygulanırken, kontrol grubuna stres modeli uygulanmadı. Stres ve CAPE gruplarına stresten üç gün önce intraperitoneal yolla günde tek doz sırasıyla izotonik solüsyonu ve 10 mikromol/kg/gün CAPE uygulandı. Deney sonunda stres uygulanan sıçanlar kardiyak ponksiyonla öldürüldü ve mideleri çıkarılıp ortalama ülser indeksleri ölçüldü. Kanda eritrosit katalaz (CAT) ve nitrik oksid (NO), mide dokusunda malondialdehit (MDA) değerlerine bakıldı. Çalışma sonunda CAPE grubundaki sıçanların, stres grubundaki sıçanlara göre daha az ağırlık kaybettiği görüldü. Stres grubundaki tüm sıçanların midelerinde ciddi hemorajik ülserler görülürken ortalama ülser indeksleri 12.62 ± 3.78 mm ölçüldü. CAPE grubundaki sıçanlarda ise mukozal peteşiler tarzında küçük ülserlere rastlandı ve ortalama ülser indeksleri 0.84 ± 1.03 mm ölçüldü. CAPE'in stres ülseri gelişimini engellemede %93.34 oranında etkili olduğu saptandı. Mikroskopik olarak stres grubunda belirgin ülseratif lezyonlar gözlenirken, aynı bulgulara CAPE grubunda minimal düzeyde rastlandı. CAT değerleri CAPE grubunda stres grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken (p=0.001), kontrol grubuna oranla ise anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu (p=0.043). MDA değerleri CAPE grubunda stres grubuna oranla düşük bulunurken (p=0.143), kontrol grubuna oranla ise anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0.009). NO değerleri ise hem CAPE, hem de stres grubunda kontrol grubuna oranla yüksek bulundu (p=0.000). Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda, CAPE'in strese bağlı ülser gelişimini etkili bir şekilde önlediği saptandı. Bunun en önemli göstergesi CAPE'in inhibisyon yüzdesinin oldukça yüksek olmasıdır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre CAPE gastrik mukozaya nötrofil infiltrasyonunu engellemiş ve mukozal hasarlanmayı belirgin olarak azaltmıştır. Ayrıca CAPE, CAT aktivitesini yükseltmiş ve MDA değerlerini azaltmıştır. Bu bulgularla CAPE'in, muhtemel NF-kB inhibisyonuyla antiinflamatuvar etki göstererek ve serbest oksijen radikallerinin tetiklediği lipid peroksidasyon zincirini engelleyerek stres ülserini önlemiş olabileceği düşünüldü.Stress is one of the important factors responsible for the etiopathogenesis of many diseases. One of the diseases caused by stress is gastric ulcer. Gastric ulcer is called as stres ulcer when occured because of stress. Various experimental studies have been performed on this subject because clinically used agents have not been desired efficacy on stres ulser development. Purpose of this study was the investigation of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an antioxidant and antiinflamatuar agent, effects on stress ulcer. 30 Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into three as control, stress and CAPE groups. ?The cold-restraint method? was applied to induce stress ulcer to the stress and CAPE groups while controls did not. Stress and CAPE groups were given isotonic solution and 10 micromol/kg/day CAPE respectively once a week intraperitoneally three days before the stress application. Rats having stress were killed by cardiac puncture at the end of the experiment, and stomaches were removed and mean ulcer indexes measured. Blood erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as stomach tissue malondialdehyte (MDA) levels were analysed. At the end of study, it was seen that rats in CAPE group lost less weight than stress group. Severe hemorrhagic ulcers were observed in the stomach of all rats in stress group and mean ulcer indexes was 12.62 ± 3.78 mm. Small ulcers like mucosal petechia were seen in CAPE goup and mean ulcer indexes 0.84 ± 1.03 mm. It was deteremined that CAPE was 93.34% effective in preventing stress ulcer. Remarkable ulcerative lesions were observed microscopically in the stress group while there were minimal ulcerative lesions in CAPE group. CAT levels were found to be significantly higher in CAPE group than stress group (p=0.001) while lower than controls significantly (p=0.043). MDA levels was low in CAPE group compared to stress group (p=0.143) while high compared to controls (p=0.009). NO values of CAPE and stress groups were higher than those of controls (p=0.000). In conclusion, it was found that CAPE effectively prevented stress-dependent ulcer development in our study. The most important sign of this was the remarkably high inhibition percentage of CAPE. According to the findings obtained from this study CAPE prevented neutrouphil infiltration to gastric mucosa, and decreased mucosal damage considerably. Additionally CAPE elevated CAT activity and decreased gastric tissue MDA levels. With these results it was thought that CAPE probably prevented stress ulser by exerting antiinflamatory effect with NF-kB inhibition and by blocking lipid peroxidation cascade triggered by free oxigen radicals

Anticancer Agent Ukrain and Bortezomib Combination is Synergistic in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells

The identification and in-depth understanding of intracellular signalling pathways led to the synthesis and discovery of many agents targeting cancer cells. In this study, we investigated for the first time the effect of anticancer agent ukrain as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, quercetin and bortezomib in 4T1 breast cancer and B16F10 melanoma cells. It was found that ukrain is cytotoxic and apoptotic in 4T1 breast carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma cells when given alone. The IC50 value of ukrain in 4T1 cells was found as 40 +/- 6.8 mu M and that in B16F10 cells as 76 +/- 10 mu M. It was then found that apoptosis can be induced in 4T1 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner in response to ukrain treatment, based on DNA fragmentation evidence. The induction of apoptosis was corroborated by the analysis of cleavage products of caspase-3 in 4T1 cells using Western blot technique. When ukrain was tested in combination with cisplatin and etoposide, no significant enhancement of cytotoxicity was detected as compared with single agent treatments. Similarly, 5-fluorouracil and quercetin also did not potentiate the cytotoxic effects of ukrain in 4T1 cells. Finally, we examined the effect of various concentrations of ukrain in combination with 10 nM bortezomib in 4T1 cells. Determination of combination index values showed that bortezomib potentiated the effect of ukrain. And the combination was found to cause synergistic cell death. The lowest combination index detected was 0.57 which was obtained when the cells were treated with 10 nM bortezomib + 100 mu M ukrain. Likewise, when cells were treated with different doses of bortezomib in the presence of 25 mu M ukrain, synergism was similarly detected between the two drugs in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, the results presented here suggest that the combination of ukrain + bortezomib may be further evaluated and tested in clinical settings

Pelviectasia in differential diagnosis of meckel diverticulum

Olası bir Meckel divertikülünün sebep olduğu karın ağrısının araştırılması amacıyla bölümümüze sevk edilen olgunun Tc- 99m perteknetat sintigrafisinde, batın içerisinde sağ böbrek medialinde fokal aktivite akümülasyonu izlenmiştir. Bu aktivite odağının mide ile eş zamanlı olması öncelikle Meckel divertikülü açısından pozitif bulgu olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sağ böbrek pelvisi lokalizasyonunda olması ve zamanla kaybolması renal patoloji ihtimalini de akla getirmiştir. Renal patolojiye bağlı yalancı pozitif bir sonuç olup olmadığını araştırmak amacıyla hastaya Tc-99m MAG3 dinamik-statik böbrek sintigrafisi çekilmiş olup ekskresyon fazı sırasında sağ pelviste aktivitenin takıldığı izlenmektedir. Her iki çalışmada aktivite tutulumunun simetrik olması bu görünümlerin pelviektaziye bağlı olabileceğini düşündürtmüştür.The case had been referred for investigation of abdominal pain due to probable Meckel’s diverticulum. Focal activity accumulation focus was observed at the medial of right kidney in Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy. The focus appeared almost same time with the gastric uptake and these findings were considered as positive for a probable Meckel’s diverticulum. Tc-99m MAG3 dynamic-static renal scintigraphy, which was realized to seek whether any renal pathology was present, showed a focal activity accumulation focus at right pelvis. Symetrical involvement in both studies were thought to be these views may be due to pelviectasia

A novel combination treatment for breast cancer cells involving BAPTA-AM and proteasome inhibitor bortezomib

Glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa/binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BIP) is a well-known endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein regulating ER stress by facilitating protein folding, assembly and Ca2+ binding. GRP78 is also a member of the heat shock protein 70 gene family and induces tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapeutics. Bortezomib is a highly specific 26S proteasome inhibitor that has been approved as treatment for patients with multiple myeloma. The present study first examined the dose- and time-dependent effects of bortezomib on GRP78 expression levels in the highly metastatic mouse breast cancer 4T1 cell line using western blot analysis. The analysis results revealed that GRP78 levels were significantly increased by bortezomib at a dose as low as 10 nM. Time-dependent experiments indicated that the accumulation of GRP78 was initiated after a 24 h incubation period following the addition of 10 nM bortezomib. Subsequently, the present study determined the half maximal inhibitory concentration of intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (13.6 mu M) on 4T1 cells. The combination effect of BAPTA-AM and bortezomib on the 4T1 cells was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and WST-1 assays and an iCELLigence system. The results revealed that the combination of 10 nM bortezomib + 5 mu M BAPTA-AM is more cytotoxic compared with monotherapies, including 10 nM bortezomib, 1 mu M BAPTA-AM and 5 mu M BAPTA-AM. In addition, the present results revealed that bortezomib + BAPTA-AM combination causes cell death through the induction of apoptosis. The present results also revealed that bortezomib + BAPTA-AM combination-induced apoptosis is associated with a clear increase in the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/Jun amino-terminal kinase SAPK/JNK. Overall, the present results suggest that bortezomib and BAPTA-AM combination therapy may be a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment