55 research outputs found
Evaluation of alveolar basement membrane function in the diabetes mellitus patients
چکیده: زمینه و هدف: افزایش ضخامت غشاء پایه آلوئولی در مبتلایان دیابت تیپ یک و دو همراه با درگیری عروق کوچک ریه در آتوپسیها گزارش شده است. برای ارزیابی فونکسیون غشاء پایه آلوئولی از اندازه گیری ظرفیت انتقال گاز منواکسید کربن در ریه استفاده میشود. هدف این مطالعه بررسی ظرفیت انتشار منواکسید کربن ریه در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت می باشد. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی ظرفیت انتشار منواکسید کربن ریه در 70 (55 زن و 15 مرد) بیمار مبتلا به دیابت بدون سابقه بیماری قلبی، ریوی، کلیوی، کم خونی و بدون شکایت از علایم تنفسی اندازه گیری شد. 55 زن و 15 مرد سالم با خصوصیات مشابه بیماران برای گروه کنترل انتخاب شدند. در گروه بیماران و کنترل که اسپیرومتری طبیعی داشتند. ظرفیت انتشار منواکسید کربن ریه بصورت متد یکبار تنفس انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری t-student تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: میزان متوسط ظرفیت انتشار منواکسید کربن ریه در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت بدون علایم تنفسی و گروه کنترل به ترتیب 4/2±65/9 و 79/1±10/9 میلی مول بر دقیقه بر کیلو پاسکال بود (05/0P>). همچنین میزان ظرفیت اصلاح شده حجمی تبادل منواکسید کربن در ریه نسبت به گروه کنترل تفاوت معنیدار نداشت. نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نشان دهنده عدم کاهش ظرفیت انتشار منواکسید کربن در ریه در بیماران دیابتی بدون علایم تنفسی است که نشان دهنده سلامت بستر آلوئول و کاپیلرهای ریه ای می باشد. با استناد به این مطالعه به نظر می رسد انسولین استنشاقی در بیماران دیابتی بدون عوارض عروقی بخوبی جذب شود
Time-dependent Seismic Performance Assessment of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Frames
In this study, effects of reinforcement corrosion such as reinforcement cross section reduction, steel yield strength and concrete compressive strength reduction on RC member capacity decrease are studied. Next, a two-dimensional reinforced concrete moment resistant frame is modeled to evaluate the effects of moderate and severe intensity corrosion on moment-curvature behavior of elements and structure seismic response under nonlinear analysis. Structure capacity curves in push-over analysis and failure curves resulted from IDA for both the structure without and with corrosion are obtained and the effects of reinforcement’s corrosion on the reinforced concrete frame seismic performance are determined through comparing the results. The results revealed that in terms of amount, place and type of corrosion in the reinforced concrete frame, value of the reduction resisting moment of elements is different. Furthermore, the outcomes of nonlinear analyses showed that the capacity of structure is reduced and its seismic performance level is changed as a result of corrosion
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Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Cerebral Microbleeds in Mouse and Man.
Brain microbleeds are increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their presence increases risk of cognitive decline and stroke. We examined the interaction between CKD and brain microhemorrhages (the neuropathological substrate of microbleeds) in mouse and cell culture models and studied progression of microbleed burden on serial brain imaging from humans. Mouse studies: Two CKD models were investigated: adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis and surgical 5/6 nephrectomy. Cell culture studies: bEnd.3 mouse brain endothelial cells were grown to confluence, and monolayer integrity was measured after exposure to 5-15% human uremic serum or increasing concentrations of urea. Human studies: Progression of brain microbleeds was evaluated on serial MRI from control, pre-dialysis CKD, and dialysis patients. Microhemorrhages were increased 2-2.5-fold in mice with CKD independent of higher blood pressure in the 5/6 nephrectomy model. IgG staining was increased in CKD animals, consistent with increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Incubation of bEnd.3 cells with uremic serum or elevated urea produced a dose-dependent drop in trans-endothelial electrical resistance. Elevated urea induced actin cytoskeleton derangements and decreased claudin-5 expression. In human subjects, prevalence of microbleeds was 50% in both CKD cohorts compared with 10% in age-matched controls. More patients in the dialysis cohort had increased microbleeds on follow-up MRI after 1.5 years. CKD disrupts the blood-brain barrier and increases brain microhemorrhages in mice and microbleeds in humans. Elevated urea alters the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction proteins in cultured endothelial cells, suggesting that these mechanisms explain (at least in part) the microhemorrhages and microbleeds observed in the animal and human studies
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Dietary Tetrahydrocurcumin Reduces Renal Fibrosis and Cardiac Hypertrophy in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is the principal metabolite of curcumin and has antioxidant properties. In the present investigation, the effect of THC on renal and cardiovascular outcomes was studied in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD rats were randomized following 5/6 nephrectomy to a special diet for 9 weeks which contained 1% THC (CKD+THC group). Low-dose polyenylphosphatidylcholine was used as a lipid carrier to increase bioavailability. Endpoints included tail blood pressure, normalized heart weight, plasma and urine biochemical data, and kidney tissue analyses. CKD animals demonstrated increased proteinuria, decreased creatinine clearance, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. The antioxidant proteins CuZn SOD and glutathione peroxidase were decreased in the remnant kidney, while apoptosis (caspase-3) and fibrosis (alpha-SM actin) were increased. Renal fibrosis was confirmed histologically on trichrome staining. These pathologic changes were ameliorated in the CKD+THC group with significant decrease in proteinuria, hypertension, and kidney fibrosis. THC therapy restored levels of CuZn SOD and glutathione peroxidase. Consistent with prior reports, dietary THC did not improve nuclear Nrf2 levels. In summary, dietary THC therapy improved expression of antioxidant proteins in the remnant kidney, decreased renal fibrosis and proteinuria, and ameliorated hypertension in 5/6 nephrectomized rats
Hemiballismus, Hyperphagia, and Behavioral Changes following Subthalamic Infarct
The function of subthalamic nucleus (STN) which is a part of the basal ganglia system is not clear, but it is hypothesized that this component might be involved in action selection. Unilateral damage to STN, which can commonly occur due to the small vessel stroke mainly, causes hemiballismus and sometimes hemichorea-hemiballismus. This paper deals with a 60-year-old patient with sudden onset of abnormal movements in his right limbs. He had increased appetite and hyperphagia and also developed mood and behavioral changes (aggressiveness, irritability, anxiety, and sometimes obscene speech). The magnetic resonance imaging revealed infarct area in left subthalamus. In our case, hemiballismus is caused by infarction in left subthalamic area. Occurrence of irritability, anxiety, and some behavioral changes such as aggressiveness and obscene speech can be explained by impairment of STN role in nonmotor behavior and cognitive function as a result of infarct
Design of Half-Rate Clock and Data Recovery Circuits for Optical Communication Systems
This paper describes the design of two half-rate clock and data recovery circuits for optical receivers. Targeting the data rate of 10-Gb/s, the first implementation incorporates a ring oscillator and a linear phase detector whereas the second implementation uses a multiphase LC oscillator and a bang-bang phase/frequency detector. Fabricated in 0.18-µm CMOS technology, the power consumption of each of the circuits is less than 100 mW. The rms jitter of the output clock for the two prototypes is 1 ps and 0.8 ps, respectively, while the latter achieves a capture range of more than 14%
Effects of low dose methotrexate on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in comparison to Interferon β-1α: A randomized controlled trial
Background: Methotrexate, a toxic antimetabolite that limits cellular reproduction by acting as an antagonist to folic acid, has been used to control autoimmune disease with different results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low dose Methotrexate in the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
Methods: Eighty patients with definite RRMS aged 15 to 55 years were randomly allocated to receive a 12-month treatment course of either oral Methotrexate (7.5 mg/week) or intramuscular Interferon β-1α (30 μg/week). Response to treatment was assessed at 12 months after start of therapy.
Results: The results of the study demonstrated significant reduction in relapse rate in both groups (p < 0.01). In 40 patients treated by Methotrexate, the mean value (SD) of relapse rate decreased from 1.75 (0.74) to 0.97 (0.83) (p < 0.01). Correspondingly, the mean value (SD) of relapse rate in patients treated by Interferon β-1α decreased from 1.52 (0.59) to 0.57 (0.78) (p < 0.01). Decrease of relapse rate in Interferon β-1α group was more than that in the other group (p = 0.06).
Conclusions: This study suggests that although treatment with Methotrexate may significantly reduce relapse rate and slow progression of disease in patients with RRMS, its efficacy is less than Interferon β-1α and it may be better used as add-on therapy
Quadrature and eight-phase VCOs implemented with SiGe injection locked frequency dividers
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