Substâncias fenólicas, flavonoides e capacidade antioxidante em erveiras sob diferentes coberturas do solo e sombreamentos

RESUMO Objetivou neste trabalho analisar a concentração de polifenóis totais, flavonoides e capacidade antioxidantes por meio dos métodos ABTS e FRAP, em erveiras jovens cultivadas em solo coberto e com sombreamento. Mudas de erva-mate foram submetidas aos tratamentos com solos cobertos e desnudos em sombreamentos de 0, 18, 35 e 50%, após sete e onze meses de cultivo, verão e outono, respectivamente. Foram coletadas folhas maduras para realização dos extratos utilizados para as análises de compostos fenólicos por meio da reação de oxirredução com reagente de Folin-Ciocalteu, flavonoides por método colorimétrico e capacidade antioxidante por frente ao radical ABTS e poder de redução do ferro (FRAP). O teor de compostos fenólicos foi maior nos tratamentos com 35% de sombreamento em comparação ao grupo dos flavonoides e capacidade antioxidante, o que foi demonstrado pela correlação do sombreamento com estes parametros. No método FRAP a maior correlação demonstra que o outono é a melhor época de colheita por apresentar maior concentração de compostos fitoquímicos. Ficou evidente a influência positiva dos sombreamentos (35 e 50%) no teor de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides relacionados à capacidade antioxidante e à qualidade da erva-mate para atender ao mercado consumidor

Desfolha parcial em videiras e seus efeitos em uvas e vinhos Cabernet Sauvignon da região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Partial de foliation on vines and its effects on Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines from the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

A desfolha no vinhedo tem como principais objetivos aumentar a radiação solar e a aeração na região dos frutos, para melhorar a coloração e a maturação das uvas tintas, além de reduzir a incidência de podridões, visando, com isso, obter vinhos de qualidade superior. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da desfolha nos parâmetros físico-químicos das uvas e dos vinhos Cabernet Sauvignon de Dom Pedrito, região da Campanha, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). As uvas foram colhidas em março de 2008, sendo provenientes de um vinhedo comercial cultivado em espaldeira. A desfolha foi realizada na base dos ramos, somente no lado que recebe o sol da manhã, com intensidade de aproximadamente 20%, no estádio fenológico grão "ervilha". As microvinificações foram feitas com controle de temperatura, em tanques de vidro em triplicata, com oito dias de maceração. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com desfolha apresentou mostos com pH significativamente mais baixo e maior acidez total. As cascas das uvas e os vinhos do tratamento com desfolha apresentaram aumento significativo no teor de polifenóis totais. A desfolha também propiciou vinhos com maior intensidade de cor, antocianinas totais, extrato seco e açúcar redutor, e menor teor de nitrogênio. Nos vinhos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para acidez total e volátil, pH, álcool, densidade, extrato seco reduzido e teor de potássio. Conclui-se que a prática da desfolha em vinhedos da região da Campanha melhora a qualidade dos vinhos.<br>The practice of partial defoliation in vineyards has as main objectives increase sunlight and ventilation for the fruit, aiming to improve color and maturity in red grapes and helping to reduce fungal diseases, which should result in better wine quality. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of partial defoliation on the quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines from Dom Pedrito, on the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The grapes were harvested in March 2008 from a commercial vineyard planted in the trellis system. The defoliation intensity was of 20% and performed only on the side of the vineyard that received the morning sun and when the berry was in the pea-size. The musts were fermented in small lots, in triplicate, with temperature control and remained on the skins for eight days. The results showed that musts of the treatment with defoliation had lower values of pH and higher total acidity. The phenolic content of grape skins and wines was significantly higher for those submitted to defoliation. The defoliation also resulted in wines with greater color intensity, anthocyanins, extract content and reducing sugar, and lower nitrogen content. In wines, there were no significant differences between treatments for total and volatile acidity, pH, alcohol, density, reducing extract and potassium content. As a conclusion, these results might suggest that partial defoliation, as it was done in this vineyard, improves wine quality

Produtos alternativos na proteção da videira contra o míldio Alternative products for the protection of vine against downy mildew

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de produtos alternativos na proteção da videira (Vitis vinifera) contra o míldio (Plasmopara viticola), bem como determinar a influência desses produtos na qualidade dos frutos da cultivar Merlot. Para o controle da doença, foram utilizados produtos à base de extratos vegetais, manano-oligossacarídeos fosforilados, fosfitos e acibenzolar-S-metil, além de fungicidas tradicionais. A intensidade do míldio em folhas e cachos, a produtividade, o número total de cachos por parcela, o peso médio do cacho e baga e as características analíticas do mosto foram avaliados nas safras de 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. Os fosfitos proporcionaram proteção contra o míldio da videira, com produtividade semelhante à do tratamento com fungicidas tradicionais. Os tratamentos baseados em manano-oligossacarídeos fosforilados, acibenzolar-S-metil e extratos vegetais não apresentaram controle eficiente do míldio. Os produtos alternativos testados não influenciam a qualidade analítica dos frutos, mas proporcionam, em geral, peso médio de cachos e de bagas menor que o do tratamento com fungicidas.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of alternative products for the protection of vine (Vitis vinifera) against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), and to determine the influence of these products on the quality of Merlot cultivar grapes. Products based on plant extracts, phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharides, phosphites and acibenzolar-S-methyl, besides traditional fungicides, were used for the disease control. The intensity of downy mildew on leaves and bunches, productivity, total number of bunches per plot, average weight of bunch and berry and analytical characteristics of grapes were assessed during the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons. Phosphites provided protection against downy mildew, and the yield was similar that of to the treatment with traditional fungicides. Treatments based on phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharides, acibenzolar-S-methyl and plant extracts showed no effective control of downy mildew. The alternative products tested do not influence the analytical quality of the grapes, but generally provide lower average weight of bunches and berries than the treatment with fungicides

Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results: A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57\u201375) years (54\ub79 per cent men). Some 1153 (27\ub77 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1\u20133, of whom 1061 (92\ub70 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4\ub76 versus 4\ub78 days; hazard ratio 1\ub704, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub796 to 1\ub712; P = 0\ub7360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5\ub74 versus 4\ub76 per cent; P = 0\ub7349) or acute kidney injury (14\ub73 versus 13\ub78 per cent; P = 0\ub7666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35\ub73 versus 56\ub77 per cent; P &lt; 0\ub7001). Conclusion: NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients