A numerical algorithm for efficiently obtaining a Feynman parameter representation of one-gluon loop QCD Feynman diagrams for a large number of external gluons

A numerical program is presented which facilitates a computation pertaining to the full set of one-gluon loop diagrams (including ghost loop contributions), with M attached external gluon lines in all possible ways. The feasibility of such a task rests on a suitably defined master formula, which is expressed in terms of a set of Grassmann and a set of Feynman parameters. The program carries out the Grassmann integration and performs the Lorentz trace on the involved functions, expressing the result as a compact sum of parametric integrals. The computation is based on tracing the structure of the final result, thus avoiding all intermediate unnecessary calculations and directly writing the output. Similar terms entering the final result are grouped together. The running time of the program demonstrates its effectiveness, especially for large M.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures. in press Computer Physics Communication

Supernova Neutrinos, Neutrino Oscillations, and the Mass of the Progenitor Star

We investigate the initial progenitor mass dependence of the early-phase neutrino signal from supernovae taking neutrino oscillations into account. The early-phase analysis has advantages in that it is not affected by the time evolution of the density structure of the star due to shock propagation or whether the remnant is a neutron star or a black hole. The initial mass affects the evolution of the massive star and its presupernova structure, which is important for two reasons when considering the neutrino signal. First, the density profile of the mantle affects the dynamics of neutrino oscillation in supernova. Second, the final iron core structure determines the features of the neutrino burst, i.e., the luminosity and the average energy. We find that both effects are rather small. This is desirable when we try to extract information on neutrino parameters from future supernova-neutrino observations. Although the uncertainty due to the progenitor mass is not small for intermediate $\theta_{13}$ ($10^{-5} \lesssim \sin^{2}{2 \theta_{13}} \lesssim 10^{-3}$), we can, nevertheless, determine the character of the mass hierarchy and whether $\theta_{13}$ is very large or very small.Comment: 8 pages, 15 figure

Dating minerals by ID-TIMS geochronology at times of in situ analysis: selected case studies from the CPGeo-IGc-USP laboratory

Since 1964, the Center for Geochronological Research - CPGeo, one of the interdepartmental centers of the Instituto de Geociências (IG) of São Paulo University, has developed studies related to several geological processes associated with different rock types. Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Isotopic Dilution (ID-TIMS) has been the technique widely used in the CPGeo U-Pb Laboratory. It provides reliable and accurate results in age determination of superposed events. However, the open-system behavior such as Pb-loss, the inheritance problem and metamictization processes allow and impel us to a much richer understanding of the power and limitations of U-Pb geochronology and thermochronology. In this article, we present the current methodology used at the CPGeo-IGc-USP U-Pb laboratory, the improvements on ID-TIMS method, and report high-precision U-Pb data from zircon, monazite, epidote, titanite, baddeleyite and rutile from different rock types of several domains of the Brazilian south-southeast area, Argentina and Uruguay.O Centro de Pesquisas Geocronológicas (CPGeo), um dos centros interdepartamentais do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), desde 1964 desenvolve estudos relacionados a diversos processos geológicos que se associam a diferentes tipos de rochas. A técnica amplamente utilizada no Laboratório U-Pb é a diluição isotópica por espectrometria de massa termo ionizada (ID-TIMS). Esta sistemática proporciona resultados bastante confiáveis e precisos na determinação das idades de eventos geológicos superpostos. Entretanto, o comportamento de sistema aberto como perda de Pb, problemas de herança isotópica e processos de metamictização, nos permite o entendimento do poder e limitação da geocronologia e termocronologia U-Pb. Neste artigo apresentamos a metodologia atualmente utilizada no Laboratório U-Pb do CPGeo-IGc-USP, as melhorias atingidas na técnica ID-TIMS e alguns dados obtidos em zircão, epídoto, titanita, baddeleyita e rutilo de diferentes tipos de rochas de alguns domínios da região sul-sudeste brasileira e da Argentina e Uruguai.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

NMR in Superfluid A-like Phase of 3^3He Confined in Globally Deformed Aerogel in Tilted Magnetic Field

NMR spectra in superfluid A-like phases confined in axially deformed aerogel in presence of a magnetic field inclined with respect to deformation axis is considered. The characteristic features of dipole frequency shift in axially compressed and axially stretched cases are compared. In particular, it is shown that in axially stretched aerogel environment the stability region of coherently spin precessing mode is rather narrow due to the U(1)LIM effect.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Effects of Neutrino Oscillation on the Supernova Neutrino Spectrum

The effects of three-flavor neutrino oscillation on the supernova neutrino spectrum are studied. We calculate the expected event rate and energy spectra, and their time evolution at the Superkamiokande (SK) and the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), by using a realistic neutrino burst model based on numerical simulations of supernova explosions. We also employ a realistic density profile based on a presupernova model for the calculation of neutrino conversion probability in supernova envelopes. These realistic models and numerical calculations allow us to quantitatively estimate the effects of neutrino oscillation in a more realistic way than previous studies. We then found that the degeneracy of the solutions of the solar neutrino problem can be broken by the combination of the SK and SNO detections of a future Galactic supernova.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, corrected versio

O magmatismo alcalino Neoproterozóico na Ilha do Cardoso, Sudeste do Estado de São Paulo

This work focuses on the geology and geochronology of rocks cropping out on Cardoso Island, on the southeastern coast of São Paulo State, close to the boundary with Paraná State. The island, with an area of about 151 km² is a protected area administered by the Forest Institute of the Secretariat for the Environment of the State of São Paulo. It is mountainous, with a peak at 814 m, and is covered by dense"Atlantic Forest" vegetation. The island is made up mainly of an igneous complex with light grey leucocratic, inequigranular, medium to coarse-grained syenites. The Três Irmãos Syenite (STI), composed of pyroxene, hornblende, and perthitic to mesoperthitic microcline, predominates has magmatic flow structures, and is cut by the pinkish grey, leucocratic medium-grained Cambriú alkali-feldspar granites (GC). Geochemical analysis of STI and GC demonstrate their metaluminous alkaline nature and late orogenic to anorogenic character. The bodies formed between 620 and 570 Ma according to U-Pb dating of zircons and cooled between 597 and 531 Ma (K-Ar in amphiboles). Whole rock Sm-Nd analyses yield Meso - and Paleoproterozoic TDM ages (1,500 - 2,200 Ma). A belt of low-grade metasedimentary rocks occurs in the northern part of the island. Quartz schist, quartz-mica schist and mica-quartz schist, often-containing andalusite and cordierite, predominate.Geochemical and geochronological data suggest that the sources of the metasediments were continental arc andesites of whose protoliths separated from the mantle between 1,800 and 2,200 Ma during the Paleoproterozoic. These metasediments probably continue on the continent in the Taquari region and extend southwards in narrow strips between the granitoids of the Paranaguá Domain.O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo geológico e geocronológico da Ilha do Cardoso, localizada no litoral sudeste do Estado de São Paulo, divisa com Estado do Paraná. Trata-se de uma área com aproximadamente 151 km2, de proteção ambiental (APA), administrada pelo Instituto Florestal da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo. Seu relevo é montanhoso atingindo a cota máxima de 814 metros, sendo recoberta por uma densa vegetação de mata atlântica. Os terrenos pertencentes a Ilha do Cardoso, são constituídos em grande parte por um complexo ígneo, representado principalmente por rochas sieníticas de cor cinza clara, leucocráticas, inequigranulares e de granulação média a grossa. Composicionalmente predominam sienitos constituídos por piroxênios, hornblendas, e microclíneo pertítico a mesopertítico, exibindo estruturas típicas do fluxo magmático e denominado de Sienito Três Irmãos (STI). Este é cortado por um álcali-feldspato granito com hornblenda e biotita, de cor cinza-rosada, leucocrático de granulação média, denominado de Granito Cambriú (GC). As análises geoquímicas efetuadas nos STI e GC, permitiram atribuir-lhes uma filiação alcalina e meta-aluminosa sugestivas de granitos anorogênicos a tardi orogênicos. Os dados geocronológicos indicam para a formação desses corpos um intervalo de idades entre 620-570 Ma (método U-Pb em zircões), e com o resfriamento entre 597-531 Ma (dados K-Ar em anfibólios). Análises Sm-Nd em rocha total, realizadas nestas rochas, indicaram idades (TDM) situadas entre o Mesoproterozóico - GC - e o Paleoproterozóico - STI - (1.500 - 2.200 Ma). Na porção setentrional da Ilha ocorre uma faixa de rochas metassedimentares de baixo grau metamórfico, estruturadas segundo a direção geral E-W. Predominam quartzo xistos, mica-quartzo xisto e quartzo-mica xistos muitas vezes com andaluzita e cordierita. Os dados geocronológicos, Sm-Nd (TDM), sugerem rochas fontes derivadas do manto durante o Paleoproterozóico (1.800-2.200 Ma). Rochas similares ocorrem a oeste, no continente, na região de Taquari, estendendo-se para sul como faixas relativamente estreitas, em meio aos granitóides do Domínio Paranaguá

Rokhlin Dimension for Flows

This research was supported by GIF Grant 1137/2011, SFB 878 Groups, Geometry and Actions and ERC Grant No. 267079. Part of the research was conducted at the Fields institute during the 2014 thematic program on abstract harmonic analysis, Banach and operator algebras, and at the Mittag–Leffler institute during the 2016 program on Classification of Operator Algebras: Complexity, Rigidity, and Dynamics.Peer reviewedPostprin

Anomalous heavy-fermion and ordered states in the filled skutterudite PrFe4P12

Specific heat and magnetization measurements have been performed on high-quality single crystals of filled-skutterudite PrFe_4P_{12} in order to study the high-field heavy-fermion state (HFS) and low-field ordered state (ODS). From a broad hump observed in C/T vs T in HFS for magnetic fields applied along the direction, the Kondo temperature of ~ 9 K and the existence of ferromagnetic Pr-Pr interactions are deduced. The {141}-Pr nuclear Schottky contribution, which works as a highly-sensitive on-site probe for the Pr magnetic moment, sets an upper bound for the ordered moment as ~ 0.03 \mu_B/Pr-ion. This fact strongly indicates that the primary order parameter in the ODS is nonmagnetic and most probably of quadrupolar origin, combined with other experimental facts. Significantly suppressed heavy-fermion behavior in the ODS suggests a possibility that the quadrupolar degrees of freedom is essential for the heavy quasiparticle band formation in the HFS. Possible crystalline-electric-field level schemes estimated from the anisotropy in the magnetization are consistent with this conjecture.Comment: 7 pages and 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Stationarity of Inflation and Predictions of Quantum Cosmology

We describe several different regimes which are possible in inflationary cosmology. The simplest one is inflation without self-reproduction of the universe. In this scenario the universe is not stationary. The second regime, which exists in a broad class of inflationary models, is eternal inflation with the self-reproduction of inflationary domains. In this regime local properties of domains with a given density and given values of fields do not depend on the time when these domains were produced. The probability distribution to find a domain with given properties in a self-reproducing universe may or may not be stationary, depending on the choice of an inflationary model. We give examples of models where each of these possibilities can be realized, and discuss some implications of our results for quantum cosmology. In particular, we propose a new mechanism which may help solving the cosmological constant problem.Comment: 30 pages, Stanford preprint SU-ITP-94-24, LaTe

Topological Defects as Seeds for Eternal Inflation

We investigate the global structure of inflationary universe both by analytical methods and by computer simulations of stochastic processes in the early Universe. We show that the global structure of the universe depends crucially on the mechanism of inflation. In the simplest models of chaotic inflation the Universe looks like a sea of thermalized phase surrounding permanently self-reproducing inflationary domains. In the theories where inflation occurs near a local extremum of the effective potential corresponding to a metastable state, the Universe looks like de Sitter space surrounding islands of thermalized phase. A similar picture appears even if the state $\phi = 0$ is unstable but the effective potential has a discrete symmetry $\phi \to =-\phi$. In this case the Universe becomes divided into domains containing different phases. These domains will be separated from each other by domain walls. However, unlike ordinary domain walls, these domain walls will inflate, and their thickness will exponentially grow. In the theories with continuous symmetries inflation generates exponentially expanding strings and monopoles surrounded by thermalized phase. Inflating topological defects will be stable, and they will unceasingly produce new inflating topological defects. This means that topological defects may play a role of indestructible seeds for eternal inflation.Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures (not included), Stanford University preprint SU--ITP--94--