Not on the edge: the syntax and pragmatics of clause-initial negation in Swedish

The possibility of topicalizing sentential negation is severely restricted in the Germanic V2-languages. In this paper, we show that negative preposing was more frequent and less restricted in earlier stages of Swedish: approx. 8 % of all occurrences of negation are clause initial in Old Swedish, compared to less than 0.5 % in present day Swedish. We propose that this change in frequency can be traced to the syntactic status of the negative element. More specifically, we argue that Old Swedish eigh 'not' may function as a syntactic head and cliticize to the finite verb in [C-0]. This possibility is not open to the XP inte 'not' in Modern Swedish. In Modern Swedish, we argue that the restrictions on negative preposing instead are related to more general pragmatic restrictions on the information expressed in [Spec,CP]: according to our hypothesis, negative preposing is licensed by contrast

The role of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), sesame (sesamum indicum), and domperidone in detecting the mammary glands of lactating white rats

This study was designed to impact the effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), sesame (sesamum indicum), and domperidone on the mammary glands of pregnant white rats spices Rattus norvegicus at different concentrations. Fenugreek was used in an oral dose of 0.5 ml / day as oil, while sesame was used with a dose of 1 g / day as powder and domperidone was used as liquid as an oral dose of 2 mg / day .&#x0D; The results of the histological examination in the group that dosed the fenugreek showed an increase in the size of the lobules and alveoli, and the lumen was larger than the control group, as well as its branching. The cavities contain internal folds representing the branching of the vesicle wall and the increase of the secreted material in addition to containing an amount of fat in the form of fat droplet within the secretory materials in the lumen Alveoli.&#x0D; In the group dosed with sesame observed an increase in the size of lobules and alveolitis and their branching and increased secretory material compared with the control group was also found, but that was less than the other two test groups.&#x0D; In the domperidone group was found an increase in the size of lobules and alveoli and an increase in branching was observed. The secreted material inside the alveolar cavities also increased with an increase in lipid droplets within the secretory material compared with the control group and the other two experimental groups</jats:p

Potential Factors Associated with Contraceptive Intention Among Adolescent Males in Taiwan

This study explored the predictors of contraceptive intention in adolescent males in Taiwan. It used a cross-sectional design and a sample of 1,000 vocational high school male students to determine the potential factors associated with contraceptive intention. Data were collected on an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire, including personal background variables, prior sexual experience, contraceptive knowledge, contraceptive attitude, contraceptive self-efficacy, perception of peers' contraceptive behavior, perception of support from significant others, and parental-adolescent communication about contraception. A total of 230 participants (23%) had prior sexual experience, 13% (30) of whom reported being involved in their girlfriends' pregnancies. Of the participants, 45% recognized the use of condoms as the most favorable contraceptive method for future sexual intercourse. Second to condom use, the combination of the calendar method and condom use was also popular (13.1%). Multiple stepwise regression indicated that better contraceptive attitudes, higher contraceptive self-efficacy, no prior sexual experience, more perception of peers' contraceptive behavior, and higher perception of support from significant others were predictors of higher contraceptive intention. The above predicting factors explained 31.9% of the total variance for contraceptive intention among adolescents. These results provide health professionals with important information to understand the reality adolescents encounter and to design effective contraceptive programs for male adolescents

The home as ethos of caring: A concept determination

Background: Within nursing, the concepts of home and homelike have been used indiscriminately to describe characteristics of health care settings that resemble a home more than an institution.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the concept of home (hem in Swedish). The main questions were as follows: What does the concept of home entail etymologically and semantically? Of what significance is the meaning of the concept to caring science and nursing?Design and methods: This study had a qualitative design with a hermeneutical approach guided by Gadamer. Eriksson’s model of concept determination was partly used to determine the etymology and semantics, the essence and epistemic category of the concept of home. In this study, etymological dictionaries and 17 Swedish language dictionaries published between 1850 and 2001 were investigated.Findings: The home, framed as the ethos of caring, can be drawn as a three-dimensional picture where the three dimensions have a common core, enclosed and inviolable. Symbolically, the picture of home can be seen as the ethos of the human being’s innermost room, the human being’s manner of being and the tone cxpressed in the external or abstract room where the human being lives and interacts with others.Conclusions: Based on the findings in this study we conclude that home as ethos is an inner ethical dimension within the human being. Human beings who are in contact with their ethos, the self, feel at home and dare to follow the voice of their heart. Nurses who experience at-homeness have an ability to invite the patient into a caring relationship. The home and the feeling of being at home have significant meaning in terms of human beings’ health and well-being.</p