Benefícios Da Adequação Postural Em Cadeira De Rodas E Fatores Que Interferem Em Sua Utilização: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Seating and positioning are an assistive technology resource that aims to improve functional performance in the wheelchair. The aim of this paper was to find in the literature studies that addressed the benefits of seating and positioning in a wheelchair and factors that interfere with the prescription and use of this technology. Articles found that discuss the benefits addressed: the functionality and respiratory function; the pressure ulcer prevention; and user satisfaction and the family with assistive technology. Articles discussing the factors linked to prescription and use of adapting wheelchairs are those that address the environmental factors, components and wheelchair accessories. There are factors involved in the prescription process to achieve its benefits through its use, the prescribed process must have an interdisciplinary and biopsychosocial approach applied individually to each patient.5218119

La Prolongación En El Tiempo Del Tránsito Oro-cecal Está Asociado Al Sobrecrecimiento Bacteriano En El Síndrome De Intestino Irritable. Estudio Realizado En Un Centro Terciario En Brasil

Studies on small intestinal transit in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are scarce and inconclusive. The contribution of intestinal dysmotility to the development of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in these patients remains to be elucidated. The aims of this study were to assess the orocecal transit time (OCTT) and the frequency of SIBO in IBS patients, the relationship between these two parameters, and their respective associations with clinical features, body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress. Methods. Ninety consecutive IBS patients were studied. All of them answered a structured questionnaire for demographic and clinical data. The presence of anxiety and depression was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Hydrogen breath test after lactulose ingestion (LHBT) and glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) were used for the assessment of OCTT and SIBO respectively. IBS group were compared to age-matched healthy volunteers, recruited among the hospital staff (n = 25, OCTT and n = 20, GHBT). Results. OCTT in IBS patients (77 ± 36 min) was significantly higher than in controls (64 ± 40 min; p = 0.03). Individual analysis showed prolonged OCTT (> 80 min) in 28.9% of IBS patients, and SIBO in 15.5%. The only symptom significantly associated with SIBO was diarrhea (p = 0.03). In addition there was a significant relationship (p = 0.005) between SIBO and prolonged OCTT. OCTT was not associated (p > 0.05) with intestinal complaints, BMI, anxiety or depression. Conclusions. About one third of IBS patients present prolonged OCTT, indicating delayed small bowel transit. This abnormality appears to be a predisposing condition for the development of SIBO. SIBO is more frequent in IBS patients with diarrhea. © 2016, Sociedad Argentina de Gastroenterologia. All Rights Reserved.46431432

Reabilitação neuropsicológica pediátrica

A neuropsicologia investiga a expressão comportamental das disfunções cerebrais, isto é, a interação entre estruturas cerebrais preservadas e prejudicadas e as funções cognitivas, tais como linguagem, memória, atenção e outras. A neuropsicologia pediátrica possui especificidades: maturação, estratégias cognitivas, ensino formal e cultura, e características intrínsecas à reorganização cerebral. O objetivo da reabilitação neuropsicológica é estabelecer estratégias para adaptação de funções cognitivas afetadas em relação às demandas do ambiente da criança. A reabilitação cognitiva pediátrica auxilia crianças com deficiência mental, epilepsia, traumatismo craniencefálico, síndromes autísticas, tumores cerebrais, paralisia cerebral, etc. Programas de reabilitação neuropsicológica podem ser voltados para dificuldades acadêmicas ou para funções cognitivas. A investigação da efetividade de programas de reabilitação depende de diversos fatores. O neuropsicólogo deve contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de reabilitação cognitiva, ser qualificado para o uso das mesmas e partilhar, com a equipe interdisciplinar, as técnicas e experiências efetivas