Phenotypic variation in a Germplasm Collection of pepper (Capsicum spp.) from Espírito Santo / Variação fenotípica em uma coleção de germoplasma de pimenta (Capsicum spp.) do Espírito Santo

Peppers belong to the Capsicum genus, which has an immense variety of types, sizes, colors, flavors, and pungencies, being part of the Brazilian cultural wealth and is an important genetic resource. The aim of the present study was to perform the morpho-agronomic characterization and estimate the genetic divergence between 40 accessions of pepper collected from rural producers in  eight regions of Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, Venda Nova do Imigrante, Conceição de Castelo, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Alegre, Guaçuí, Colatina e Santa Teresa. The work was carried out under field conditions in Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES) - Campus de Alegre the Experimental Farm. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six replications, totaling 240 experimental plots. The accessions were characterized based on twelve morpho-agronomic traits, namely: plant height, crown diameter, fruit shape, fruit length and diameter, fruit weight, pericarp thickness, number of seeds per fruit, number of locules per fruit, stem width, and leaf width and length. A great phenotypic variability was found for the twelve traits evaluated. The genetic divergence between the accessions was estimated using the Tocher clustering method, using the Mahalanobis distance, as a measure of dissimilarity, forming seven groups. It was not possible to verify a correlation between genetic diversity and the place of origin of the accessions, since in the same group genotypes collected in quite distant rural properties were arranged. Singh's method, used to estimate the relative contribution of each trait in the expression of genetic divergence, indicated that the diameter of the fruit (28.77%) and the weight of the fruit (21.33%) were the ones that most contributed to the total divergence (50.10%) between the pepper accessions. The width and length of the leaf contributed less, representing a percentage of 2.04% and 1.26%, respectively. The morpho-agronomic characterization was efficient to estimate the genetic diversity between accessions, showing significant divergence, providing the best knowledge about the accessions, demonstrating their potential for use as parents in breeding programs. All accesses were considered distinct, which allowed to disregard the hypothesis of duplicates in the germplasm collection. There was no correlation between genetic distance and the origin of accessions, which may reflect the common practice of pepper exchanges among rural producers

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE Agave sisalana Perrine SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS DE ADUBAÇÃO E CONSÓRCIO

O sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) é uma cultura de grande importância para a região Semiárida do Brasil, constituindo uma importante fonte de renda para regiões anteriormente sem opções de desenvolvimento. No entanto, estudos quanto ao manejo da cultura são escassos, refletindo na baixa tecnificação e práticas arcaicas no sistema de produção. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como finalidade avaliar o desempenho do crescimento inicial do Sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) sob diferentes fontes de adubação (química e orgânica) e sob a presença e ausência de consórcio com feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris), no município de Areia, Paraíba. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), sob esquema fatorial 2x3, sendo dois sistemas de cultivo (solteiro ou consorciado com feijão) e três manejos de adubação (orgânico, mineral e sem adubação), constituindo assim seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 24 parcelas, cada uma com área de 25 m². Os resultados evidenciaram a influência da fonte de adubação e do efeito do consórcio sob o desenvolvimento inicial da cultura, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos com adubação orgânica e consórcio com o feijão

Phyllochron variability and cutting management practices on the agronomic potential of sorghum

The phyllochron is an indispensable parameter associated with the potential production of sorghum. Accordingly, management practices applied directly in the sorghum crop, such as the cutting technique, provide the ability of plants to regrowth and reestablish the performance of vegetative and reproductive development of plants based on the stimulation of growth in the photosynthetically active area. Appropriately, the aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations in phyllochron and leaf emission rates expressed by the implementation of cutting management practices in sorghum plants from high and low-quality seeds. The study was performed in the experimental and didactic area of ​​the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) – Ibirubá campus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized and the treatments were plants from higher (HQS) and lower (LQS) quality seeds and two-season crops (2015/16 and 2016/17) with eight replications. The mean phyllochron (°C day leaf-1), height (cm), main stem diameter (cm), number of nodes, dry mass (kg ha-1), and number of tillers were evaluated as a strategy to verify the performance of each treatment. Furthermore, meteorological data obtained from an automatic station was required to calculate phyllochron and evapotranspiration (ETc). Finally, this study indicated that the diameter of the stem and tillers is directly associated with the accumulation of a dry mass of the crop, based on the results of biomass productivity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that forage sorghum plants derived from HQS indicated a higher capacity to accumulate photoassimilates, stimulating the production of dry mass

PHYLLOCHRON VARIABILITY AND CUTTING MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE AGRONOMIC POTENTIAL OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

The phyllochron is an indispensable parameter associated with the potential production of sorghum. Accordingly, management practices applied directly in the sorghum crop, such as the cutting technique, provide the ability of plants to regrowth and reestablish the performance of vegetative and reproductive development of plants based on the stimulation of growth in the photosynthetically active area. Appropriately, the aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations in phyllochron and leaf emission rates expressed by the implementation of cutting management practices in sorghum plants from high and low-quality seeds. The study was performed in the experimental and didactic area of ​​the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) – Ibirubá campus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized and the treatments were plants from higher (HQS) and lower (LQS) quality seeds and two-season crops (2015/16 and 2016/17) with eight replications. The mean phyllochron (°C day leaf-1), height (cm), main stem diameter (cm), number of nodes, dry mass (kg ha-1), and number of tillers were evaluated as a strategy to verify the performance of each treatment. Furthermore, meteorological data obtained from an automatic station was required to calculate phyllochron and evapotranspiration (ETc). Finally, this study indicated that the diameter of the stem and tillers is directly associated with the accumulation of a dry mass of the crop, based on the results of biomass productivity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that forage sorghum plants derived from HQS indicated a higher capacity to accumulate photoassimilates, stimulating the production of dry mass.O filocrono é um parâmetro indispensável associado ao potencial de produção do sorgo. Nesse sentido, práticas de manejo aplicadas diretamente na cultura do sorgo, como a técnica de cortes, proporcionam a capacidade das plantas de rebrotar e restabelecer o desempenho do desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo das plantas a partir do estímulo do crescimento da área fotossinteticamente ativa. Apropriadamente, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações no filocrono e na taxa de emissão foliar expressas pela implementação do manejo de corte em plantas de sorgo a partir de sementes de alta e de baixa qualidade. O estudo foi realizado na área experimental e didática do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) – campus Ibirubá, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e os tratamentos foram plantas provenientes de sementes de qualidade superior (SQS) e inferior (SQI) e duas safras (2015/16 e 2016/17) com oito repetições. O filocrono médio (°C dia folha-1), altura (cm), diâmetro do caule principal (cm), número de nós, massa seca (kg ha-1) e número de perfilhos foram avaliados como estratégia para verificar o desempenho de cada tratamento. Além disso, dados meteorológicos obtidos de uma estação automática foram necessários para calcular o filocrono e a evapotranspiração (ETc). Finalmente, este estudo indicou que o diâmetro do caule e perfilhos está diretamente associado ao acúmulo de massa seca da cultura, com base nos resultados de produtividade de biomassa. Além disso, foi demonstrado que plantas de sorgo forrageiro derivadas de SQS apresentaram maior capacidade de acumular fotoassimilados, estimulando a produção de massa seca

ABORDAGEM DA VIOLÊNCIA INFANTIL NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: FATORES INTERVENIENTES E ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO

Objetivo: identificar, na percepção de enfermeiros, os fatores intervenientes e as estratégias empregadas para a abordagem da violência infantil na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: estudo qualitativo com 22 enfermeiros de Teresina, Piauí. Os dados foram coletados em outubro de 2019, mediante entrevistas individuais orientadas por um roteiro semiestruturado, submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: os enfermeiros revelaram inabilidade para lidar com situações de violência infantil. Eles buscavam abordar esses casos por meio de estratégias pautadas no diálogo, no trabalho interprofissional e na intersetorialidade. Considerações finais: foram fatores intervenientes para a abordagem da violência infantil na Estratégia Saúde da Família, o (não)reconhecimento de sinais de abuso infantil, as barreiras para o estabelecimento de vínculo com as famílias e dificuldades de interlocução na rede assistencial. As estratégias para o enfrentamento da violência infantil utilizadas foram trabalho interprofissional, cuidado holístico, articulação com a rede intersetorial e diálogo com a família.Descritores: Enfermagem. Maus-Tratos Infantis. Estratégia Saúde da Família. Saúde da Criança. Saúde Públic

Types of ultra-processed foods consumed in Brazil: A systematic review / Tipos de alimentos ultra-processados consumidos no Brasil: Uma revisão sistemática

To investigate the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) based on the NOVA food classification, comparing the types of foods consumed between the age groups. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The articles were selected using the descriptors searched for MeSH in the databases: Pubmed / Medline, Lilacs and Scielo. 4,239 articles were selected in the initial research, 45 were included. The contribution of ultra-processed foods to the total amount of energy ranged from 15.0% to 54.7%, being greater in children and adolescents. For babies, this happens before the age of six months, consuming instant noodles, chocolate and stuffed cookies, expanding the variety of UPF foods as they age. For teenagers, the most consumed foods are soft drinks, pizza, gelatin, cakes, cookies, candies and hamburgers, in addition to those consumed in childhood. Among adults and elderly, the most consumed foods were bread, hot dog bread, sweet bread, sugary drinks, treats, cakes, cookies, pizza, snacks and sausages. UPF consumption varies according to the age group in Brazil, being higher among children and adolescents. The introduction occurs at the beginning of infant feeding and the types of UPF expands with increasing age

PHYLLOCHRON ESTIMATES ON AGRONOMIC POTENTIAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF MILLET

Millet is largely explored for a diversity of applications. The use of millet high-quality seeds is essential to increase grain yield. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield variability of millet plants from higher and lower-quality seeds in the expression of dry matter yield parameters. The study was conducted in the experimental and didactic area of IFRS - campus Ibirubá, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with a completely randomized design. The treatments were plants from seeds of higher (HQS) and lower (LQS) quality and two season crops (2015/16 and 2017/18) in eight replications. The emergence speed was applied to identify plants from seeds of different qualities. The phyllochron, leaf number, height, stem diameter, number of nodes, and dry mass yield were the agronomic components evaluated for this study. Meteorological information was used to calculate phyllochron, water deficit, and average temperature. The collected data were submitted for analysis of variance and the Tukey test at a 5% probability of error. The HQS expressed lower phyllochron and most significant agronomic components. Furthermore, the 2015/16 crop had the lowest water deficit and obtained the best results.O milheto é amplamente explorado para uma diversidade de aplicações. O uso de sementes de milheto de alta qualidade é essencial para aumentar a produtividade de grãos. Nesse sentido, o propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade da produtividade de plantas de milheto provenientes de sementes de melhor e de menor qualidade na expressão dos parâmetros de produção de matéria seca. O estudo foi realizado na área experimental e didática do IFRS - campus Ibirubá, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos foram plantas provenientes de sementes de qualidade superior (SAS) e inferior (SQI) e duas safras (2015/16 e 2017/18) em oito repetições. A velocidade de emergência foi aplicada para identificar plantas a partir de sementes de diferentes qualidades. O filocrono, número de folhas, altura, diâmetro do caule, número de nós e rendimento de massa seca foram os componentes agronômicos avaliados para este estudo. As informações meteorológicas foram utilizadas para calcular o filocrono, o déficit hídrico e a temperatura média. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. O SQS expressou menor filocrono e componentes agronômicos mais significativos. Ainda, a safra 2015/16 apresentou o menor déficit hídrico e obteve os melhores resultados