Isoenzymatic characterization of rice genotypes

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, caracterizar isoenzimaticamente genótipos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.). A produtividade do arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul é elevada, em virtude da alta tecnologia e sistema de irrigação usados, associados ao potencial alcançado pelas cultivares desenvolvidas através de melhoramento genético. Apenas seis ancestrais contribuem com 86% dos genes das cultivares mais plantadas. Como consequência desta estreita base genética, as cultivares apresentam um alto grau de parentesco e de similaridade de suas características morfológicas e agronômicas, o que dificulta a identificação varietal. A concorrência com genótipos, como arroz-vermelho e arroz-preto, de difícil controle por serem da mesma espécie que os cultivados, é considerada como um dos maiores problemas da cultura. Análises de isoenzimas podem ser usadas para o estudo da variabilidade e para estimar as relações genéticas existentes entre estes genótipos. Eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida foi empregada, portanto, para caracterizar, através de isoenzimas de esterase, 6-fosfogluconato desidrogenase, fosfoglucoisomerase e isocitrato desidrogenase em sementes e folhas de plântulas, e de fosfatase ácida e aspartato transaminase em folhas de plântulas, as cultivares BR-IRGA 409, BR-IRGA 410, BRS 6 ('Chuí'), BRS 7 ('Taim'), BRS Agrisul, INIA Taquari, El Paso L 144 e IRGA 417, e ecótipos de arroz-vermelho e arroz-preto. A análise de agrupamento, efetuada por meio do coeficiente de Jaccard e pelo método da média aritmética não ponderada (UPGMA), possibilitou a diferenciação de todos os genótipos, à exceção de BRS 6 ('Chuí') e BRS 7 ('Taim'). Três grupos foram identificados, incluindo-se, em um deles, os ecótipos de arroz-vermelho e arroz-preto, que apresentaram 95% de similaridade.The objective of this work was to characterize isoenzymaticly rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Rice yields obtained in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are high, due to the high technology and the irrigation system used, associated to the genetic potential of the bred cultivars. Six ancestors contribute with 86% of the genetic make up of used cultivars. As a consequence of this narrow genetic basis, they are closely related and show very similar morphological and agronomical characteristics, which turns the varietal identification difficult. The competition with wild genotypes (red and black hulled rice) is considered to be the greatest problem, because they belong to the same species as cultivated rice. Isoenzymes analysis can be used to study variability and to estimate genetic relations among genotypes. Therefore, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to characterize, through seeds and seedling leaf tissue, esterase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, and seedling leaf tissue acid phosphatase and aspartate transaminase isoenzymes of cultivars BR-IRGA 409, BR-IRGA 410, BRS 6 ('Chuí'), BRS Taim 7 ('Taim'), BRS Agrisul, INIA Taquari, El Paso L 144 e IRGA 417, and ecotypes of red and of black hulled rice. Cluster analysis, using Jaccard coefficient and unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average (UPGM), allowed to differentiate all genotypes, excluding BRS 6 ('Chuí') and BRS 7 ('Taim'). Three groups were identified, including, in one of them, red and black hulled rice ecotypes, with 95% degree similarity

Impacto dos alelos de gluteninas de alto peso molecular sobre a qualidade tecnológica de trigo

The objective of this work was to determine high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and their relationship with technological quality parameters in a collection of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes. Two hundred and seventy-two accessions were evaluated on SDS-Page, and molecular markers were used to identify the 7oe allele and 1BL.1RS translocation. For 219 accessions with a homogenous glutenin profile, 53 profiles and 21 alleles were identified. The most frequent combination was 2*/7+9/5+10 (11.9%). The mean value of genetic diversity for the three assessed Glu-1 loci was 0.67. Based on the HMW-GS profile and on the presence of the 1BL.1RS translocation, the Glu-1 score was calculated and its correlation with technological quality parameters was analyzed. The main effects of the Glu-1 loci and of the 1BL.1RS translocation were estimated. The Glu-1 score showed a significant positive correlation with sedimentation volume, gluten strength, dough tenacity, dough extensibility, elasticity index, grain hardness index, and farinograph stability, with values between 0.23 and 0.51. The accessions with the 1, 7oe+8, and 5+10 alleles showed the highest values for gluten strength and farinograph stability. The score of the Glu-A1 alleles should be adjusted to Brazilian wheat genotypes and cultivation conditions.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as subunidades de gluteninas de alto peso molecular (HMW-GS) e a sua relação com os parâmetros de qualidade tecnológica em uma coleção de genótipos de trigo (Triticum aestivum). Foram avaliados 272 acessos em SDS-Page, e empregados marcadores moleculares para identificação do alelo 7oe e da translocação 1BL.1RS. Para 219 acessos com perfil de gluteninas homogêneo, foram identificados 53 perfis e 21 alelos. A combinação mais frequente foi 2*/7+9/5+10 (11,9%). A média de diversidade genética para os três locos Glu-1 avaliados foi de 0,67. Com base no perfil de HMW-GS e na presença da translocação 1BL.1RS, foi calculado o escore Glu-1 e analisada sua correlação com os parâmetros de qualidade tecnológica. Os efeitos principais dos locos Glu-1 e da translocação 1BL.1RS foram estimados. O escore Glu-1 mostrou correlação positiva significativa com volume de sedimentação, força de glúten, tenacidade da massa, extensibilidade da massa, índice de elasticidade, índice de dureza do grão e estabilidade, com valores entre 0,23 e 0,51. Os acessos com os alelos 1, 7oe+8 e 5+10 apresentaram os maiores valores para força de glúten e estabilidade. O escore dos alelos Glu-A1 deve ser ajustado para os genótipos e as condições de cultivo de trigo brasileiros

A standardized approach to treat complex aortic valve endocarditis: a case series

Background Surgical treatment of complicated aortic valve endocarditis often is challenging, even for experienced surgeons. We aim at demonstrating a standardized surgical approach by stentless bioprostheses for the treatment of aortic valve endocarditis complicated by paravalvular abscess formation. MethodsSixteen patients presenting with aortic valve endocarditis (4 native and 12 prosthetic valves) and paravalvular abscess formation at various localizations and to different extents were treated by a standardized approach using stentless bioprostheses. The procedure consisted of thorough debridement, root replacement with reimplantation of the coronary arteries and correction of accompanying pathologies (aortoventricular and aortomitral dehiscence, septum derangements, Gerbode defect, total atrioventricular conduction block, mitral and tricuspid valve involvement).ResultsAll highly complex patients included (14 males and 2 females; median age 63 years [range 31–77]) could be successfully treated with stentless bioprostheses as aortic root replacement. Radical surgical debridement of infected tissue with anatomical recontruction was feasible. Although predicted operative mortality was high (median logarithmic EuroSCORE I of 40.7 [range 12.8–68.3]), in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were favorable (18.8 and 12.5% respectively). ConclusionsRepair of active aortic valve endocarditis complicated by paravalvular abscess formation and destruction of the left ventricular outflow tract with stentless bioprosthesis is a valuable option for both native and prosthetic valves. It presents a standardized approach with a high success rate for complete debridement, is readily available, and yields comparable clinical outcomes to the historical gold standard, repair by homografts. Additionally, use of one type of prosthesis reduces logistical issues and purchasing costs

Population genetic analysis of brazilian peach breeding germplasm.

ABSTRACT Peach has great economic and social importance in Brazil. Diverse sources of germplasm were used to introduce desirable traits in the Brazilian peach breeding pool, composed mainly by local selections and accessions selected from populations developed by the national breeding programs, adapted to subtropical climate, with low chill requirement, as well as accessions introduced from several countries. In this research, we used SSR markers, selected by their high level of polymorphism, to access genetic diversity and population structure of a set composed by 204 peach selected genotypes, based on contrasting phenotypes for valuable traits in peach breeding. A total of 80 alleles were obtained, giving an average of eight alleles per locus. In general, the average value of observed heterozygosity (0.46) was lower than the expected heterozygosity (0.63). STRUCTURE analysis assigned 162 accessions splitted into two subpopulations based mainly on their flesh type: melting (96) and non-melting (66) flesh cultivars. The remaining accessions (42) could not be assigned under the 80% membership coefficient criteria. Genetic variability was greater in melting subpopulation compared to non-melting. Additionally, 55% of the alleles present in the breeding varieties were also present in the founder varieties, indicating that founding clones are well represented in current peach cultivars and advanced selections developed. Overall, this study gives a first insight of the peach genetic variability available and evidence for population differentiation (structure) in this peach panel to be exploited and provides the basis for genome-wide association studies

Percutaneous treatment of patients with heart diseases: selection, guidance and follow-up. A review

Aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, patent foramen ovale, interatrial septal defect, atrial fibrillation and perivalvular leak, are now amenable to percutaneous treatment. These percutaneous procedures require the use of Transthoracic (TTE), Transesophageal (TEE) and/or Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE). This paper provides an overview of the different percutaneous interventions, trying to provide a systematic and comprehensive approach for selection, guidance and follow-up of patients undergoing these procedures, illustrating the key role of 2D echocardiography

Isovolumic Relaxation Period In Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Assessment By Radionuclide Angiography

Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation and the relation between relaxation and filling were studied in 90 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 29 control subjects using radionuclide angiography. The isovolumic relaxation period was determined automatically on left ventricular time-activity curves as the interval between minimal volume and onset of rapid filling. In 17 patients, M-mode echocardiography performed simultaneously with radionuclide angiography demonstrated that onset of mitral valve opening correlated well with onset of rapid filling (r = 0.84, p < 0.001).The isovolumic relaxation period was longer in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than in cdntrol subjects (95 ± 44 versus 50 ± 23 ms, p < 0.01) and was longer in patients without an outflow tract gradient at rest than in patients with a gradient (109 ± 37 versus 86 ± 35 ms, p < 0.05). In these patients without obstruction, a weak linear relation between duration of the isovolumic period and peak filling rate was fodnd (r = 0.48, p < 0.02). Filling was impaired in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as assessed by lower peak filling rate (3.2 ± 1.2 versus 3.5 ± 0.5 end-diastolic volume/s, p < 0.05) and prolonged time to peak filling rate (185 ± 44 versus 145 ± 20 ms, p < 0.01) compared with values in control subjects. The delay in time to peak filling rate was caused primarily by the prolonged isovolumic period, because the interval from onset of rapid filling to peak filling rate was similar in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and control subjects (87 ± 31 versus 95 ± 25 ms, NS). Studies were repeated in 43 patients after administration of oral verapamil (320 to 640 mg/day). Verapamil decreased the isovolumic relaxation period (from 95 ± 42 to 80 ± 31 ms, p < 0.05), associated with improved filling; peak filling rate increased and time to peak filling rate decreased.Thus, the delay in peak filling rate in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by prolongation of the isovolumic period. Verapamil decreases the isovolumic relaxation period and improves subsequent diastolic filling. These data suggest that impaired relaxation is an important determinant of decreased left ventricular filling in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

POPULATION GENETIC ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN PEACH BREEDING GERMPLASM

<div><p>ABSTRACT Peach has great economic and social importance in Brazil. Diverse sources of germplasm were used to introduce desirable traits in the Brazilian peach breeding pool, composed mainly by local selections and accessions selected from populations developed by the national breeding programs, adapted to subtropical climate, with low chill requirement, as well as accessions introduced from several countries. In this research, we used SSR markers, selected by their high level of polymorphism, to access genetic diversity and population structure of a set composed by 204 peach selected genotypes, based on contrasting phenotypes for valuable traits in peach breeding. A total of 80 alleles were obtained, giving an average of eight alleles per locus. In general, the average value of observed heterozygosity (0.46) was lower than the expected heterozygosity (0.63). STRUCTURE analysis assigned 162 accessions splitted into two subpopulations based mainly on their flesh type: melting (96) and non-melting (66) flesh cultivars. The remaining accessions (42) could not be assigned under the 80% membership coefficient criteria. Genetic variability was greater in melting subpopulation compared to non-melting. Additionally, 55% of the alleles present in the breeding varieties were also present in the founder varieties, indicating that founding clones are well represented in current peach cultivars and advanced selections developed. Overall, this study gives a first insight of the peach genetic variability available and evidence for population differentiation (structure) in this peach panel to be exploited and provides the basis for genome-wide association studies.</p></div

Caracterização morfológica de cultivares de arroz visando a certificação da pureza varietal Morphological characteristics of rice cultivars; application for variety purity certification

Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência dos descritores morfológicos, na caracterização de cultivares comerciais de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), servindo como suporte às empresas produtoras de sementes na identificação de cultivares, assim como às exigências da Lei de Proteção de Cultivares. Foram caracterizadas as cultivares de arroz Carisma, IAC 202, Confiança, Douradão, Guarani, Primavera, Canastra e Caiapó. O estudo consistiu de dois experimentos, o primeiro conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, quando os genótipos foram caracterizados utilizando-se dos descritores morfológicos recomendados para o registro e proteção de cultivares. O segundo experimento foi conduzido em uma área de produção de sementes e consistiu na identificação, por parte de avaliadores, de variedades de arroz contaminantes propositalmente distribuídas junto às cultivares em estudo. Concluiu-se que os descritores morfológicos são úteis, porém, não suficientes para a caracterização e diferenciação de cultivares de arroz. As características morfológicas observadas em sementes e plantas após a antese são as mais adequadas para a caracterização e diferenciação de cultivares. Os genótipos de arroz de sequeiro apresentam grande similaridade morfológica.<br>This study had the objective of evaluating the efficiency of morphological markers as descriptors for commercial rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) to be used in cultivar identification by seed companies, as well as, to fulfill the requirements for cultivar protection law. The studied cultivars were: Confiança, IAC 202, Carisma, Primavera, Guarani, Douradão, Canastra, and Caiapó. This study consisted of two experiments: one, conducted in greenhouse, where the varieties were characterized based on morphological descriptors recommended by protection cultivar law; the other, done in a seed production field that consisted in identification of rice contaminant varieties distributed among the studied cultivars. The morphological descriptors were useful, but not enough to characterize and distict upland rice cultivars; seeds and plants morphological characteristics after anthesis were the most suitable for the characterization and discrimination of varieties; and also, the upland rice genotypes had high morphological similarities