Center for Plant Sciences : Research activity annual report 2022

地球上には、多様な種の植物が存在し、光合成を中心とする物質生産を行っている。植物科学研究センターでは、植物のもつ多様性とその物質生産能力に着目し、その能力をゲノム解析、分子生物学的解析、生化学的解析などの手法を駆使して明らかにしている。また、多様な植物の能力を最大限に利用して利用価値の高い農作物を育種するための技術開発を行うとともに、それらを利用して持続可能な社会の実現にむけた取り組みを行っている。本報告では、令和4 年度における植物科学研究センターの研究成果について概説する。departmental bulletin pape

Mapping Uncounted Anthropogenic Fill Flows: Environmental Impact and Mitigation

Fill material flows created by land development earthworks are anthropogenic agents that generate massive energy use from their heavy loads. However, formal quantification of these flows has been neglected. We use Osaka Prefecture in Japan as a case study to quantify fill flows and associated CO2 emissions. We collected data on fill flows, including fill generation and acceptance. We mapped these publicly uncounted fill flows and calculated the CO2 emissions from the associated energy use. We also simulated a scenario in which optimized shortest-distance matching is achieved between fill generators and acceptors. We estimated the current fill flows based on distance and weight and broke down the total by type of site and activity. We compared our estimates of current fill flows with estimates from our matching simulation and found the simulation could achieve an 8448 km reduction in flow length and a 5724 t-CO2 reduction in emissions associated with transportation. We discussed the implications of flexible matching, especially in different construction sectors, and the importance of continuous, spatially geo-referenced monitoring of these fill flows toward further environmental impact mitigation. The approach presented here could apply to assessing environmental loads arising from landform changes in other cities and lead to development of a new regional- and global-scale fill material science in the Anthropocene

A Study on the Classification of Municipaｌ 0rdinances Regerding Satochi Landscapes Conservation

Recently, municipal ordinances regarding Satochi landscapes conservation have been frequently enacted, and expectations for these ordinances have been increasing. Improvement of the implementation of these municipal ordinances can be regarded as urgent and important. As a first step toward improvement, this paper attempts to give a detailed picture of these ordinances at regional scale by classification based on the contents of the documents of in these ordinances. As a result, three different types were distinguished. The first type consisted of ordinances enacted recently, in which a target site with farmland and forest and the community participation system as implementation measure were described (Type A). It was considered that this type of ordinance responded to the problems on conserving farmland and forest integrally. The second type consisted of ordinances in which government-initiated implementation measures regarding the maintenance of forests or agricultural lands were described (Type B). The third type consisted of ordinances without a definite description of the target site and implementation measures (Type C). It was also suggested that ordinances of Type A and Type B had different institutional issues. It was considered that Type A and Type B contributed to different aspect of Satochi landscape conservation and that a resolution of issues of each type was needed

Characteristics of Ordinances Regarding Satochi Landscapes Conservation in The Greater Tokyo Area

Satochi/Satoyama ordinances\u27have recently been frequently enacted. However, many local government entities have implemented legal systems enacting ordinances which designate green spaces or agricultural land which are to be preserved. This paper attempts to clarify the document characteristics of the ordinances designating conservation areas in the Greater Tokyo Area. We found that descriptions of these ordinances were classified into three groups, which were selection of target sites, designation as a conservation area and rnaintenance of a conservation area. We also found that multiple methods, which secure the implementation of those rules, were prescribed. These methods for assuring implementation were classified into two ways, procuring the land and maintenance. Most of the conservation ordinances had not been enacted for the direct purpose of conservation of secondary nature. However, many ordinances described not only procuring but also maintaining, which is essential for conserving secondary nature. We classified the conservation ordinances into three types based on their detail descriptions from the point of view of Satochi landscapes conservation. We suggest that the effect of ordinances on the conservation of Satochi landscapes should be evaluated for each type. And, this study covers only ordinance documents. Clarification of the state of implementation of these ordinances is also needed