Stratigrafia

The code in the workbook “Stratigrafia” computes * longitudinal profiles; * water surface elevation; * sediment transport rates; * time for the flow and the sediment transport to reach equilibrium in a water – feed laboratory flume.unpublishednot peer reviewedOpe

River Morphodynamics with Creation/Consumption of Grain Size Stratigraphy 1: Laboratory Experiments

Rivers with poorly-sorted bed sediment create their own stratigraphy as they deposit sediment. Prediction of the subsequent river degradation into its own deposit requires knowledge of the spatial structure of the grain size variation of the deposit. The ultimate goal of the present work is the development, testing and verification against experimental data of a numerical model of morphodynamics that can store stratigraphy into memory as it is created by aggradation, and can subsequently consume this stratigraphy if and when the river later degrades into the deposit. Such a morphodynamic model is tested using a surface-based bedload transport relation known to be applicable to the experiments considered here. Part 1 of a two-part paper addressing this issue describes the laboratory experiments and uses the experimental results performed at mobile-bed equilibrium to evaluate a bedload transport relation. In the companion paper, this bedload transport relation is installed into a morphodynamic model that specifically includes the creation/consumption of stratigraphy. The model is then tested against the experimental data

Desempenho de diferentes substratos na decomposição de carcaça de frango de corte Performance of different substrates in the decomposition of broiler carcass

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho de diferentes substratos na decomposição de carcaça de frango de corte. Utilizaram-se seis câmaras de uma composteira, medindo 0,80 m de largura, 1,20 m de profundidade e 1,50 m de altura cada uma. Os substratos utilizados foram: acícula de pinus, bagaço de cana, palha de milho, casca de amendoim, capim e maravalha. A compostagem foi acompanhada de 4 períodos. A pilha de cada câmara foi montada em 5 camadas, de cujo total foram depositadas, em duas camadas, 5 carcaças de aves, distribuídas uniformemente. A cada 10 dias se realizou o tombamento das pilhas com o objetivo de aerar o substrato e se lhe adicionou água. Após 30 dias realizou-se o tombamento final. Na montagem das pilhas e nos tombamentos pesaram-se, separadamente, as carcaças e os substratos. Durante o processo os parâmetros monitorados foram matéria seca, cinzas, fósforo, potássio, nitrogênio, pH, carbono orgânico e razão C/N. Todos os substratos foram eficientes na decomposição das carcaças de aves e os valores da composição físico-química final dos substratos estão de acordo com os valores da IN-25/Mapa, ou seja, todos os substratos podem ser utilizados como fertilizantes orgânicos simples.<br>The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different substrates in the decomposition of broiler carcasses. Six containers of a compost maker were used each one measuring 0.80 m width, 1.20 m depth and 1.50 m height. The substrates were: pine aciculae, sugarcane bagasse, corn straw, peanut shells, grass and sawdust. The composting was accompanied by four periods. The pile of each container was made up of five layers, in which, five poultry carcasses were uniformly deposited in two layers. The tumbling of the piles was done every 10 days, with the purpose to provide aeration for the substrate and water was added to the same. After 30 days, the final tumbling was done. In the assembly piles and in the tumbling process the carcasses and the substrate were weighed separately. During the process, the monitored parameters were dry matter, ashes, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, pH, organic carbon and C/N ratio. All substrates were efficient in the decomposition of the broiler carcasses and final physiochemical composition values are in agreement with values in IN-25/Mapa, in other words, all of the substrates can be used as simple organic fertilizers