11 research outputs found

    Manipulation of the human genome: ethics and law

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    A biologia molecular tem fornecido as ferramentas bĂĄsicas para os geneticistas se aprofundarem nos mecanismos moleculares que influem na variação das doenças. Deve-se destacar a responsabilidade cientĂ­fica e moral dos pesquisadores, uma vez que os cientistas devem imaginar as consequĂȘncias morais da aplicação comercial de testes genĂ©ticos, jĂĄ que esse fato envolve nĂŁo sĂł o indivĂ­duo e suas famĂ­lias, mas toda a população. AlĂ©m de ser preciso, tambĂ©m, fazer uma reflexĂŁo sobre como essas informaçÔes do genoma humano serĂŁo utilizadas, para o bem ou mal. O objetivo desta revisĂŁo foi trazer Ă  luz do conhecimento dados sobre caracterĂ­sticas Ă©ticas da aplicação da biologia molecular, relacionando-a com os direitos do ser humano. ApĂłs anĂĄlise bibliogrĂĄfica, pĂŽde-se observar que o Projeto Genoma Humano gerou vĂĄrias possibilidades, como identificação de genes associados a doenças com propriedades sinergĂ­sticas, mas modificando Ă s vezes comportamentos ao intervir geneticamente no ser humano, trazendo benefĂ­cios ou malefĂ­cios sociais. O grande desafio Ă© decidir o que a humanidade pretende em relação a este gigantesco salto.The molecular biology has provided the basic tool for geneticists deepening in the molecular mechanisms that influence different diseases. It should be noted the scientific and moral responsibility of the researchers, because the scientists should imagine the moral consequences of the commercial application of genetic tests, since this fact involves not only the individual and their families, but the entire population. Besides being also necessary to make a reflection on how this information from the human genome will be used, for good or bad. The objective of this review was to bring the light of knowledge, data on characteristics of the ethical application of molecular biology, linking it with the rights of human beings. After studying literature, it might be observed that the Human Genome Project has generated several possibilities, such as the identification of genes associated with diseases with synergistic properties, but sometimes modifying behavior to genetically intervene in humans, bringing benefits or social harm. The big challenge is to decide what humanity wants on this giant leap

    Research in humans: medical, legal, psychological and religious aspects

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    cometidas em pesquisa, com princípios inerentes a qualquer código de ética ou deontológico. Porém, os valores moraisdiferem de uma sociedade para outra, gerando dilemas que envolvem revolução tecnológica, biológica, crenças e teologia. Assim, oseticistas obrigaram-se a considerar disciplinas para além de suas especificidades, estabelecendo fronteiras com diversos campos do conhecimento, pois os progressos até aqui alcançados levantam questÔes éticas em que, muitas vezes, o próprio conhecimento não apresenta respostas satisfatórias. Este trabalho aborda os vocåbulos da ética e moral sob o enfoque médico, religioso, jurídico e psicológico de um modo pråtico, procurando delinear suas diferenças e similitudes

    Assessment of oral conditions and quality of life in morbid obese and normal weight individuals: a cross-sectional study

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    The aim of this study was to identify the impact of oral disease on the quality of life of morbid obese and normal weight individuals. Cohort was composed of 100 morbid-obese and 50 normal-weight subjects. Dental caries, community periodontal index, gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), calculus, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, dental wear, stimulated salivary flow, and salivary pH were used to evaluate oral diseases. Socioeconomic and the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) questionnaires showed the quality of life in both groups. Unpaired Student, Fisher’s Exact, Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, and Multiple Regression tests were used (p<0.05). Obese showed lower socio-economic level than control group, but no differences were found considering OIDP. No significant differences were observed between groups considering the number of absent teeth, bruxism, difficult mastication, calculus, initial caries lesion, and caries. However, saliva flow was low, and the salivary pH was changed in the obese group. Enamel wear was lower and dentine wear was higher in obese. More BOP, insertion loss, and periodontal pocket, especially the deeper ones, were found in obese subjects. The regression model showed gender, smoking, salivary pH, socio-economic level, periodontal pocket, and periodontal insertion loss significantly associated to obesity. However, both OIDP and BOP did not show significant contribution to the model. The quality of life of morbid obese was more negatively influenced by oral disease and socio-economic factors than in normal weight subjects107CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO558366/2010-4Sem informação2014/09550-

    Bioethics criteria in Dentistry research of humans

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    Objective: This study aimed to identify and relate the work that adopted bioethical principles applied to research on humans in the area of dentistry published in scientific journals. Methods: The selection of work was done using the Virtual Health Library (VHL), including the following databases: Literature Latino-American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online and International Literature on Health Sciences. It was evaluated in the last ten years, researches using the descriptors: Bioethics, Research, Human, Dental, Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, and Justice. Results: Two hundred and seventy eight studies found, however only 12 were selected by following the criteria adopted in this study. Conclusion: Among the four principles of bioethics addressed in this study, the principle of autonomy was the most discussed in literature, followed the principle of justice. Further studies should be conducted in order to carry the development of bioethics in research with human made in dentistry

    Assessment of Oral Conditions and Quality of Life in Morbid Obese and Normal Weight Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

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    The aim of this study was to identify the impact of oral disease on the quality of life of morbid obese and normal weight individuals. Cohort was composed of 100 morbid-obese and 50 normal-weight subjects. Dental caries, community periodontal index, gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), calculus, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, dental wear, stimulated salivary flow, and salivary pH were used to evaluate oral diseases. Socioeconomic and the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) questionnaires showed the quality of life in both groups. Unpaired Student, Fisher's Exact, Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, and Multiple Regression tests were used (p<0.05). Obese showed lower socio-economic level than control group, but no differences were found considering OIDP. No significant differences were observed between groups considering the number of absent teeth, bruxism, difficult mastication, calculus, initial caries lesion, and caries. However, saliva flow was low, and the salivary pH was changed in the obese group. Enamel wear was lower and dentine wear was higher in obese. More BOP, insertion loss, and periodontal pocket, especially the deeper ones, were found in obese subjects. The regression model showed gender, smoking, salivary pH, socio-economic level, periodontal pocket, and periodontal insertion loss significantly associated to obesity. However, both OIDP and BOP did not show significant contribution to the model. The quality of life of morbid obese was more negatively influenced by oral disease and socio-economic factors than in normal weight subjects
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