Learners in a Changing Learning Landscape: Reflections from an Instructional Design Perspective

Van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Stoyanov, S. (2008). Learners in a changing learning landscape: Reflections from an instructional design perspective. In J. Visser & M. Visser-Valfrey (Eds.), Learners in a changing learning landscape: Reflections from a dialogue on new roles and expectations (pp. 69-90). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.Both learners and teachers find themselves in a learning landscape that is rapidly changing, along with fast societal and technological developments. This paper discusses the new learning landscape from an instructional design perspective. First, with regard to what is learned, people more than ever need flexible problem-solving and reasoning skills allowing them to deal with new, unfamiliar problem situations in their professional and everyday life. Second, with regard to the context in which learning takes place, learning in technology-rich, informal and professional 24/7 settings is becoming general practice. And third, with regard to the learners themselves, they can more often be characterized as lifelong learners who are mature, bring relevant prior knowledge, and have very heterogeneous expectations and perceptions of learning. High-quality instructional design research should focus on the question which instructional methods and media-method combinations are effective, efficient and appealing in this new learning landscape. Some innovative instructional methods that meet this requirement are discussed

Protein Signature of Lung Cancer Tissues

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. We applied a highly multiplexed proteomic technology (SOMAscan) to compare protein expression signatures of non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues with healthy adjacent and distant tissues from surgical resections. In this first report of SOMAscan applied to tissues, we highlight 36 proteins that exhibit the largest expression differences between matched tumor and non-tumor tissues. The concentrations of twenty proteins increased and sixteen decreased in tumor tissue, thirteen of which are novel for NSCLC. NSCLC tissue biomarkers identified here overlap with a core set identified in a large serum-based NSCLC study with SOMAscan. We show that large-scale comparative analysis of protein expression can be used to develop novel histochemical probes. As expected, relative differences in protein expression are greater in tissues than in serum. The combined results from tissue and serum present the most extensive view to date of the complex changes in NSCLC protein expression and provide important implications for diagnosis and treatment

Development and in-house validation of a competitive ELISA for the quantitative detection of gluten in food

Transplantation and autoimmunit

Performance characteristics of a new competitive DQ2.5-glia-alpha 3 gliadin ELISA

An inter-laboratory study with 15 participating laboratories was performed to determine the performance characteristics of a rapid and simple competitive DQ2.5-glia-alpha 3 Gliadin ELISA for the detection of gluten in food. The ELISA test kit used in this study was previously validated in an infra-laboratory study showing excellent performance for determination of gluten in processed foodstuffs such as sauces, soups and beers. The participants of the inter-laboratory study obtained 20 samples and were asked to analyse them in accordance with the ELISA's manual. The samples included in this study were oats and gluten-free tomato soup powder spiked with gliadin standard obtained from the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity and 12 wheat starch samples naturally contaminated with gluten. The spiked samples were prepared by adding 10, 50 and 100 ppm of gliadin, what corresponds to 20, 100 and 200 ppm of gluten, respectively. Non-spiked samples were also provided. The spiking levels were chosen to test the ELISA performance with samples containing gluten at the concentrations relevant for the labelling requirements. In accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation 828/2014 foodstuffs containing maximum of 20 ppm and 100 ppm can be labelled "gluten-free" and "very low gluten", respectively. In case of spiked samples, the participants obtained average recoveries of PWG.gliadin from spiked oats and gluten-free tomato soup powder of 84.8-102.8% and 88.6-103.5% at all 3 spiking levels respectively. There was also a good agreement between the average results obtained in this study, LC-MS-MRM results and R5 sandwich ELISA reference method results for naturally contaminated wheat starch samples. This inter-laboratory study demonstrated the applicability of DQ2.5-glia-alpha 3 Gliadin ELISA for the quantitative screening of foodstuffs for the presence of gluten.Transplantation and autoimmunit