Training in infectious diseases across Europe in 2021 - a survey on training delivery, content and assessment

Objectives: To define the status of infectious diseases (ID) as an approved specialty in Europe; to enumerate the number of specialists (in general and in relation to the overall population) and specialist trainees and describe the content, delivery and evaluation of postgraduate training in ID in different countries.Methods: Structured web-based questionnaire surveys in March 2021 of responsible national authorities, specialist societies and individual country representatives to the Section of Infectious Diseases of the European Union for Medical Specialties. Descriptive analysis of quantitative and qualitative responses.Results: In responses received from 33/35 (94.3%) countries, ID is recognized as a specialty in 24 and as a subspecialty of general internal medicine (GIM) in eight, but it is not recognized in Spain. The number of ID specialists per country varies from <5 per million inhabitants to 78 per million inhabitants. Median length of training is 5 years (interquartile range 4.0–6.0 years) with variable amounts of preceding and/or concurrent GIM. Only 21.2% of countries (7/33) provide the minimum recommended training of 6 months in microbiology and 30% cover competencies such as palliative care, team working and leadership, audit, and quality control. Training is monitored by personal logbook or e-portfolio in 75.8% (25/33) and assessed by final examinations in 69.7% (23/33) of countries, but yearly reviews with trainees only occur in 54.5% (18/33) of countries.Conclusions: There are substantial gaps in modernization of ID training in many countries to match current European training requirements. Joint training with clinical microbiology (CM) and in multidisciplinary team working should be extended. Training/monitoring trainers should find greater focus, together with regular feedback to trainees within many national training programmes.peer-reviewe

Skora EQUAL Trichosporon 2022

Skora EQUAL Trichosporon, ji bo em pir baş îdareya pişikê trichosporon bikin û ji bo bi zanebûna dermankirina antîfungalê, faktoran dide hev û dikişîne. Skora qerd, çiqas rêberên rojani hebin wan dinirxîne û piştre çiqas pêşnîyazên baş hebin dide mirov, û ew ji bo lihevkirina rêber û zanebûna dermankirina antîfungalê tê bikaranîn

EQUAL Trichosporon Skoru 2022

EQUAL Trichosporon Skoru, invaziv trichosporon enfeksiyonlarının ideal klinik yönetimi için belirlenmiş olan faktörleri değerlendirir ve bunları bir araya getirir. Kılavuzlara uyumu değerlendirmek ve antimikrobiyallerin doğru kullanımını teşvik etmek için kullanılan skor kartları, mevcut kılavuzların en güçlü tavsiyelerini yansıtır

EQUAL CPA Skoru 2022

EQUAL CPA Skoru 2022, kronik pulmoner aspergillozun (CPA) karmaşık yönetiminin mevcut kılavuzlardaki önerilerini ölçer [1][2]. Skor kılavuzlara uyumu belirlemek ve hastalığın klinik yönetimini desteklemek için kullanılır [3]. CPA akciğerlerin kronik destrüktif bir mantar hastalığıdır. Hastalık altta yatan bir akciğer hastalığı olan bağışıklığı yeterli veya hafif baskılanmış bireyleri etkiler. Klinik ve radyolojik bulgular heterojen olduğu için tanı zordur. Bazı ek hastalıkların varlığında, beklenmedik pulmoner ve sistemik semptomlar CPA şüphesi uyandırmalıdır. Bunlar arasında tüberküloz, nontüberküloz mikobakteri infeksiyonları, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı, akciğer kanseri ve sarkoidoz bulunur. Enfeksiyon akciğer nodüleri, kavite, sekonder plevral kalınlaşma ve fibrozis oluşumuna neden olabilir

Skora EQUAL CPA 2022

Skora EQUAL CPA 2022, ji bo em pir baş îdareya kronîk pişikê aspergillozê (CPA) bikin, faktorên ji nav rêberên rojani dide hev û dikişîne [1][2]. Pûan, je bo zanîna ahengdarîya rêbernameyê û boyî piştgirîkirina rêveberiya klînîkî ya nexweşiyên bikaranîn [3]. CPA nexweşiya pişikê ya kronîk û destruktiv. Nexweşî vî kesên tesîr dike, kesên sistema îmmunê qels buye, an ji kesên sistema îmmunê asayî feqet jere nexweşîya pişikê hebe. Ji ber ku dîtinên klînîkî û radyolojîk heterojenitê, teşxîs zehmete. Ku hin nexweşiyên de hebên, û bi awayekî hêvînekirî nîşanên sîstemîk û pişikê çêbûn, divê gumanê ji bo CPA zêde bikin. Di nav wan de tuberkuloz, enfeksiyonên mycobacterial ên ne-tuberkuloz, nexweşiya pişikê ya kronîk û okstrüktiv, kansera pişikê, û sarkoidoz hene. Enfeksîyon dikare bibe sedema girêkên pişikê, kavîte, stûrbûna pleuralê û fibrozê

Mycoplasma pneumoniae meningoencephalitis: a case report

Nervous system is the most affected area in mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with exception of respiratory system. It is an important agent of childhood acute encephalitis and respiratory system infections in school-age children and young adults. Routine clinical and laboratory findings to identify spesific diagnosis is limited. Twelve-year-old female patient was admitted with fever, fatigue, sore throat, slipping the right eye, withdrawal of the mouth from the right and right hemiclonic seizures. Test of anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) IgM was positive and IgG antibodies were found to be 4-fold increase in the sera of follow-up. This article was presented with the aim of remembering M. pneumoniae to be an differential diagnosis in children with acute encephalitis

Biotidinase deficiency accompanied by diffuse demyelination and cerebral atrophy

Biotinidase deficiency is an inherited disorder which has autosomal recessive pattern; it occurs in approximately 1 in 60,000 live births. Usually it manifests seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia, ataxia, convulsions, hypotonia, developmental delay, hearing loss, chronic lactic acidosis and immune deficiency. Its diagnosis is made by the measurement of serum biotinidase enzyme activity and determination of the enzyme. Herein presented that a two and half-month-old boy with biotinidase enzyme deficiency which had cerebral atrophy without any skin signs. In the patients presented with refractory convulsions with unexplainable etiology without any skin lesions, as in our patient, biotinidase enzyme deficiency should be considered and the treatment should be established in early period to prevent many complications that may develop

Yaygın demiyelizasyon ve serebral atrofi ile seyreden biotinidaz eksikliği

Biotinidaz eksikliği yaklaşık olarak 60.000 canlı doğumda bir görülen otozomal resesif geçişli herediter bir hastalıktır. Bu hastalıkta genellikle seboreik dermatit, alopesi, ataksi, konvülsiyon, hipotoni, gelişme geriliği, işitme kaybı, kronik laktik asidoz ve immün yetmezlik görülür. Serumda enzim düzeyi ve aktivitesi ölçülerek tanı konulur. Burada herhangi bir cilt bulgusu olmaksızın serebral atrofi ile başvuran 2,5 aylık erkek biotinidaz olgusu sunulmuştur. Hastamızda olduğu gibi etiyolojisi belli olmayan dirençli kon- vülsiyonlar ile başvuran ve herhangi bir cilt bulgusu olmayan hastalarda biotinidaz eksikliği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Ayrıca gelişebilecek komplikasyonların önlenmesi için erken dönemde tedavi uygulanmalıdır.Biotinidase deficiency is an inherited disorder which has autosomal recessive pattern; it occurs in approximately 1 in 60,000 live births. Usually it manifests seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia, ataxia, convulsions, hypotonia, developmental delay, hearing loss, chronic lactic acidosis and immune deficiency. Its diagnosis is made by the measurement of serum biotinidase enzyme activity and determination of the enzyme. Herein presented that a two and half-month-old boy with biotinidase enzyme deficiency which had cerebral atrophy without any skin signs. In the patients presented with refractory convulsions with unexplainable etiology without any skin lesions, as in our patient, biotinidase enzyme deficiency should be considered and the treatment should be established in early period to prevent many complications that may develop

A case of congenital hypothyroidism presented with dysmyelinization findings

The central nervous system is one of the most crucial targeted systems of hyphotiroidism where tissues undergo various broad developmental processes such as neuronal and glial cellular differentiation, migration and myelinization. However brain images are mainly normal. In this article we present findings related to a 1-year-old girl who has been referred to our outpatient clinic with complaints of slowing of movement and lack of interest. She was diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Her brain magnetic resonance image obtained during diagnosis displayed dysmyelinization. It showed improvement after Na-L thyroxin therapy during follow up