Effects of supplementary feeds on growth and survival of freshwater giant prawn (Macrobrachium resenbergii [i.e. rosenbergii] deMan)

Highest growth of prawn was obtained with Feed B (743 kg/ha) with highest survival rate (60.88%) followed by Feed A where production and survival rate was 659 kg/ha and 53.50%, respectively. Feed A contained 30% dry ground cow viscera, 40% oil cake, 20% rice-bran and 10% heat bran. Feed conversion ratios were found to be 7.60:1 for Feed A and 6.46:1 for Feed B, which indicated that Feed B was more efficiently utilized by the prawn than Feed A. Statistical analysis revealed that the differences in production of prawns among the treatments were highly significant (P< 0.01)

A mixed culture trail of mud crab (Scylla serrata Forskal) with tilapia ( Oreocromis niloticus L.)

A ten-month study on mixed culture of mud crab Scylla serrata with tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was performed in brackish water earthen ponds using live tilapia fry as the only feed for crab. The monthly growth rate varied from 9.07-19.llg among four treatments. Treatment T 1, cw: 0.68cm (±0.72) and bw: 19.11 gm (±12.97) showed highest performance which was followed by T 3, cw: 0.62cm (±0.60) and bw: 13.42 gm (±10.51), T4, cw: 0.65cm (±0.64) and bw: 13.20 gm (±9.89) and T2, cw: 0.36cm (± 0.25) and bw: 9.07 gm (±8.05). Highest survivability of crabs was also recorded in T 1 (21.5%) which was followed by T 2 (15.65%), T4 (14.95%) and T 3 (14.15%). In terms of survivability, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among the treatments whereas these were recorded as insignificant difference (p<0.05) in final weight, weight gain and production of crabs and tilapia. Mixed culture of mud crab with tilapia could make more rewarding than crab monoculture but the study suggests that only tilapia fry can not fulfill the feed requirement of crabs in respects of survivability, final body weight and weight gain. Besides, existed salinity level of 4-12 ppt during experimental period might be the another key factor for low survivability and weight gain

Weed Flora and Nutritional Composition of Cowpea Grains as Influenced by Some Pre Emergence Herbicides Application in Nigeria

Field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo. State, Nigeria to the evaluate influence of some pre emergence herbicides application on weed flora and nutritional composition of cowpea grains. The treatments consisted of no weeding (control), Coda goldÒ at 1.65 kg a.i./ha, Galex at 3.0 kg a.i./ha, Pendilin at 2.0 kg a.i./ha, One hoe weeding  at 3 weeks after planting (WAP) and Two hoe weeding at 3 &amp; 7WAP laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)  with  four replicates. The result showed that there were changes in weed flora composition of broadleaved weeds and grasses except sedges before and after experiment. For instance, approximately 52.38% of the weeds were broadleaved species and 28.57% were grasses before planting while about 38.1% of the weeds were broadleaved species and 42.86 % grasses after harvest. Before planting, annual weed species were 28.57% and perennial 71.43% while after harvest, annual weed species were 47.62% and perennial 52.39%. The result further showed that plot treated with herbicides had a slight increase in nutritional composition of cowpea grains when compared to hoe weeding and no weeding. Since, the herbicides used in the study altered weed flora composition of cowpea plant without having any adverse effect on the nutritional composition of the grains, they are recommendable to farmers for boosting cowpea production in Nigeria. Keywords: cowpea grains, nutritional composition, pre emergence herbicides, weed flora, DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-2-0

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of plankton: some ecological aspect and water quality parameters of the river Meghna, Bangladesh

Investigation on the seasonal distribution and abundance of various major taxa of phyto and zooplankton and the corresponding physico-chemical characteristics were carried out in four selected stations between the latitude 22°35.494N N-23°23.987 N and longitude 90°35.793 E- 90°49.061 E of the Meghna river system, Bangladesh. Drop count method was followed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of both phyto- and zooplankton. A total of 41 phytoplankton genera belonging to 17 families and 13 zooplankton genera belonging to 11 families were recorded. Zooplankton growth cycle was noticeably less (3.0%) than the phytoplankton abundance almost throughout the study period. Quantity of plankton registered to increase chronologically from the upper to lower stretches of the river. During summer investigation the load of phytoplankton was recorded maximum (11,300-51,850 No/1). Ratio-wise quantitative difference between zoo- and phytoplankton in composition of the total standing crop fluctuated between 1.0:5.5 and 1:1037. Among the phytoplanktonic groups, Chlorophyceae was found to be dominating (95.0%) in all sampling stations. Protococcus, a single genus of Chlorophyceae played a unique role during summer, contributing the highest density of about 74.0%. The pattern of qualitative and quantitative difference of plankton standing crop in different sampling sites can be attributed to the existing physico-chemical characteristics, mainly water temperature, pH and hardness

Suatu Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga Dalam Perkara Jual Beli Tanah (Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan-alasan yang dicantumkan oleh pihak ketiga sehingga melakukan perlawanan pihak ketiga dan bagaimana Hakim dalam menentukan putusan perihal jual beli tanah setelah ada perlawanan pihak ketiga dalam sengketa jual beli tanah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah pendekatan normatif sosiologis, yang artinya adalah suatu pendekatan dengan cara pandang dari segi aspek hukum mengenai segala sesuatu yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat yang mempunyai akibat hukum untuk dihubungkan dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku saat ini. Setelah mendapat data dari penelitian, yaitu data dari Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga mengenai Putusan Gugatan Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga, kemudian data tersebut dianalisis secara kualitatif yaitu mengambil data yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang dibahas peraturan, literatur mengenai perlawanan pihak ketiga yang dikaitkan dengan pendapat responden dan dicarikan pemecahannya dan kemudian dapat disimpulkan. Dalam perlawanannya ini pelawan berkeyakinan bahwa tanah yang telah dibelinya sudah menjadi hak miliknya. Karena jaminan hutang atas tanah yang menjadi objek sengketa telah dibayar lunas oleh pelawan kepada pihak bank dari uang hasil jual beli tanah tersebut. Penulisan skripsi ini diharapkan akan memberi sumbangan dan masukan guna mengembangkan hukum khususnya hukum perdata, dan juga dapat membantu memecahkan masalah yang sedang dihadapi atau mungkin akan dihadapi, yaitu mengenai perlawanan pihak ketiga dalam penyelesaian perkara perdata

NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN THE INTESTINAL CONTENTS OF BROILERS AND LAYERS

Two hundred intestines pieces (100 each of broilers and layers) of about 8 cm length were collected from the poultry sale shops in Faisalabad city. These pieces were opened, scratched and vigorously shaken into sterilized normal saline, the suspension was centrifuged and supernatants were subjected to spot haemagglutination with 2% chicken RBC’s. Out of 200 samples, 95% samples of layers and 75% of the broilers showed positive spot haemagglutination. Micro haemagglutination inhibition with Newcastle disease (ND) antiserum revealed, 85 and 66 samples positive in layers and broilers respectively. A total of 10% samples of the layers and 9% of the broilers were not inhibited by ND antiserum suggesting other HA viruses. A total of 20 samples were used to isolate the virus in embryonated eggs (allantoic route). These isolates were confirmed as NDV by haemagglutination inhibition test. Five isolates were tested for intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day old chicks. The ICPI values obtained were 0.28, 0.31, 0.37, 0.38 and 0.46. The isolates were found to be lentogenic

Characterization and identification of isolated bacteria from ice-ice disease infected seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii

1286-1290Ice-ice disease occurs in cultivated algal seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii due to pathogenic bacterial infections. This seaweed has rich source of carrageenan widely known as the kappa carrageenan. Generally, ice-ice disease leads to whitening of the branches initiated with colour changes of the thalli, which become transparent in the end. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the bacteria based on morphology and biochemical characterization on ice-ice diseased K. alvarezii from three different places, namely, Kottapatinam, Thondi and Rameswaram. The bacterium was isolated in Zobell Marine Agar (ZMA) and thiosulfate-citrate-bile saltsucrose (TCBS) agar. Morphological and biochemical characterizations revealed that the isolated bacteria causing ice-ice disease were closely related to the genera Bacillus in ZMA and Vibrio species in TCBS. Total viability count, physical and chemical properties of the bacteria by gram staining and morphological analysis were done for all species isolated from three places

A Study of the \eta \pi^{0} Spectrum and Search for a J^{PC} = 1^{-+} Exotic Meson

A partial wave analysis (PWA) of the of the $\eta \pi ^0$ system (where $\eta \to \gamma \gamma$) produced in the charge exchange reaction $\pi ^-p\to \eta \pi ^0n$ at an incident momentum of 18 GeV$/c$ is presented as a function of ${\eta \pi ^0}$ invariant mass, $m_{\eta\pi^0}$, and momentum transfer squared, $t_{\pi^{-}\to\eta\pi}$, from the incident $\pi^-$ to the outgoing ${\eta\pi ^0}$ system. $S$, $P$ and $D$ waves were included in the PWA. The $a_0(980)$ and $a_2(1320)$ states are clearly observed in the overall ${\eta\pi ^0}$ effective mass distribution as well as in the amplitudes associated with $S$ wave and $D$ waves respectively after partial wave decomposition. The observed distributions in moments (averages of spherical harmonics) were compared to the results from the PWA and the two are consistent. The distribution in $t_{\pi^{-}\to\eta\pi}$ for individual $D$ waves associated with natural and unnatural parity exchange in the $t$-channel are consistent with Regge phenomenology. Of particular interest in this study is the $P$ wave since this leads to an exotic $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ for the $\eta \pi$ system. A $P$ wave is present in the data, however attempts to describe the mass dependence of the amplitude and phase motion with respect to the $D$ wave as a Breit-Wigner resonance are problematic. This has implications regarding the existence of a reported exotic $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ meson decaying into $\eta \pi^0$ with a mass near 1.4 GeV$/c^2$.Comment: 19 pages, 29 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Susceptibility of Japanese quails (Cortunix cortunix japonica) to experimental infection with Newcastle disease virus, Kudu 113 strain

This study was carried out to determine the response of Japanese quails experimentally infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) kudu 113 strain using a haemagglutination inhibition test and the ability of the species to transmit the infection to chickens. The administration of kudu 113 strain of Newcastle disease virus (108.5 /ml) orally at 0.1ml/quail in the infected group (group B) resulted in an antibody response with a geometric mean titre of 23.79 on day 32 when compared to non-infected quails (group A) which did not show (p&gt;0.05) evidence of Newcastle disease antibodies throughout the experiment and also differed significantly (p&lt;0.05) from group B, indicating that oral inoculation of the virus was successful and the birds were infected. Clinical signs of ND were first observed in the quails 7 days post-infection (pi) with effects on egg production and egg quality. The transmission of the velogenic NDV from the quails (group B) to the sentinel chickens was clinically evident 4 days after they were placed in close contact with the infected quails. There was 100% mortality in the sentinel chickens between 4 to 7 days post contact. Thus, quails could serve as a potential source of ND for chickens

Urbanization and climate change: the role of road transport in carbon dioxide emission in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

No AbstractKeywords: CO2 abatement, automobile density, climate change, global warming, greenhouse gase