Photon Frequency Entanglement Swapping

We propose a simple non-linear crystal based optical scheme for experimental realization of the frequency entanglement swapping between the photons belonging to two independent biphotons.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to Phys.Lett.

Morphing Planar Graph Drawings Optimally

We provide an algorithm for computing a planar morph between any two planar straight-line drawings of any $n$-vertex plane graph in $O(n)$ morphing steps, thus improving upon the previously best known $O(n^2)$ upper bound. Further, we prove that our algorithm is optimal, that is, we show that there exist two planar straight-line drawings $\Gamma_s$ and $\Gamma_t$ of an $n$-vertex plane graph $G$ such that any planar morph between $\Gamma_s$ and $\Gamma_t$ requires $\Omega(n)$ morphing steps

Stirring Strongly Coupled Plasma

We determine the energy it takes to move a test quark along a circle of radius L with angular frequency w through the strongly coupled plasma of N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. We find that for most values of L and w the energy deposited by stirring the plasma in this way is governed either by the drag force acting on a test quark moving through the plasma in a straight line with speed v=Lw or by the energy radiated by a quark in circular motion in the absence of any plasma, whichever is larger. There is a continuous crossover from the drag-dominated regime to the radiation-dominated regime. In the crossover regime we find evidence for significant destructive interference between energy loss due to drag and that due to radiation as if in vacuum. The rotating quark thus serves as a model system in which the relative strength of, and interplay between, two different mechanisms of parton energy loss is accessible via a controlled classical gravity calculation. We close by speculating on the implications of our results for a quark that is moving through the plasma in a straight line while decelerating, although in this case the classical calculation breaks down at the same value of the deceleration at which the radiation-dominated regime sets in.Comment: 27 pages LaTex, 5 figure

Spherical Tin Oxide, SnO2 Particles Fabricated via Facile Hydrothermal Method for Detection of Mercury (II) Ions.

Smooth-surface spherical tin oxide particles were fabricated via hydrothermal processing route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the particles consisted of the rutile phase of SnO2 with tetragonal structure. The spherical morphology was realized with the aid of ammonia. The aggregation of SnO2 particles could be avoided by adjusting the concentration of tin (II) chloride. Bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with the hydrothermally prepared SnO2 particles to detect the presence of mercury (II) ions (Hg2+), in the presence of potassium chloride (KCl) as a supporting electrolyte. GCE modified with the spherical SnO2 particles that possessed small crystallite size and smooth surface exhibited significantly enhanced oxidative and reductive current of Hg2+ during cyclic voltammetry compared with its bare counterpart. The reductive current was observed to increase by two fold and the detection limit of 75 nM for Hg 2+ was achieved. This suggests that SnO2 particles are a promising chemical sensor for the detection of Hg2+ in natural waters

Magnetic properties of epitaxial single crystal ultrathin Fe\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eSi films on GaAs (001)

Magnetic properties of Fe3Si films with thickness from 2 to 210 monolayers (ML) epitaxially grown on GaAs (001) were studied using a superconducting quantum interference device and alternating gradient force magnetometers. Growth of these single-crystal intermetallic compound films were carried out in a multichamber molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. The samples were covered in situ with Au 50 Å thick to prevent oxidation when the samples were removed from the MBE chamber. All the films are ferromagnetic even for samples as thin as 2 ML. The easy magnetization direction of the films is parallel to the film surface. The magnetic coercivity forces (Hc) of the samples increase as the film thickness decreases to 10 ML, and then decrease when the film thickness decreases further to 2 ML

Broilers fed a low protein diet supplemented with synthetic amino acids maintained growth performance and retained intestinal integrity while reducing nitrogen excretion when raised under poor sanitary conditions

The present study investigated the effects of supplementing a low protein (LP) diet supplemented with key essential amino acids (AA) to broilers on growth performance, intestinal tract function, blood metabolites, and nitrogen excretion when the animals were maintained under various sanitary conditions for 35 D after hatching. Three hundred eighty-four one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to groups that received one of 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (i.e., 2 environmental conditions and 3 dietary treatments) to give 8 replicates per treatment. Broilers were challenged with 2 environmental conditions (sanitary vs. poor sanitary). The dietary treatments were (1) high protein (HP) diet, (2) LP diet, and (3) LP diet with synthetic key essential AA (LPA): the LP diet was supplemented with synthetic AA up to the required levels for broilers. On day 14, birds consumed the LP diet impaired growth performance compared with those fed the HP diet, while the average daily weight gain-to-feed conversion ratio of birds fed the LPA diet improved to the level of birds fed the HP diet under poor sanitary conditions (P < 0.05). Broilers raised under poor sanitary conditions and fed the LP diet displayed higher (P < 0.05) zonula occludens (ZO-1) expression on day 14 than broilers fed either the HP or LPA diet. Under sanitary conditions, birds fed HP and LPA diets showed higher villus height and crypt depth compared with those of broilers fed the LP diet on day 35. Moreover, broilers raised in the poor sanitary environment had higher (P < 0.05) serum endotoxins than those raised in the sanitary environment. Broilers fed the LPA diet showed reduced (P < 0.05) nitrogen excretion on days 14 and 35 compared with those fed the LP and HP diets independent of the environment. In conclusion, the LPA diet did not impair growth performance under poor sanitary conditions for 14 D after hatch while resulting in lower nitrogen excretion in any environment conditions throughout the experiment

Effect of Fluid Flow on Inclusion Coarsening in Low-Alloy Steel Welds

Oxide inclusions form in welds because of deoxidation reactions in the weld pool. These inclusions control the weld microstructure development. Thermodynamic and kinetic calculation of oxidation reaction can describe inclusion characteristics such as number density, size, and composition. Experimental work has shown that fluid-flow velocity gradients in the weld pool can accelerate inclusion growth by collision and coalescence. Moreover, fluid flow in welds can transport inclusions to different temperature regions that may lead to repeated dissolution and growth of inclusions. These phenomena are being studied with the help of computational coupled heat transfer, fluid-flow, thermodynamic, and kinetic models. The results show that the inclusion formation in steel welds can be described as a function of the welding processes, process parameters, and steel composition

AdS/CFT correspondence in the Euclidean context

We study two possible prescriptions for AdS/CFT correspondence by means of functional integrals. The considerations are non-perturbative and reveal certain divergencies which turn out to be harmless, in the sense that reflection-positivity and conformal invariance are not destroyed.Comment: 20 pages, references and two remarks adde

Inhomogeneous chiral symmetry breaking in noncommutative four fermion interactions

The generalization of the Gross-Neveu model for noncommutative 3+1 space-time has been analyzed. We find indications that the chiral symmetry breaking occurs for an inhomogeneous background as in the LOFF phase in condensed matter.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, published version, minor correction

Arachidonic Acid Inhibits Epithelial Na Channel Via Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Epoxygenase-dependent Metabolic Pathways

We used the patch-clamp technique to study the effect of arachidonic acid (AA) on epithelial Na channels (ENaC) in the rat cortical collecting duct (CCD). Application of 10 μM AA decreased the ENaC activity defined by NPo from 1.0 to 0.1. The dose–response curve of the AA effect on ENaC shows that 2 μM AA inhibited the ENaC activity by 50%. The effect of AA on ENaC is specific because neither 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), a nonmetabolized analogue of AA, nor 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid mimicked the inhibitory effect of AA on ENaC. Moreover, inhibition of either cyclooxygenase (COX) with indomethacin or cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylation with N-methylsulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11-enamide (DDMS) failed to abolish the effect of AA on ENaC. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of AA on ENaC was absent in the presence of N-methylsulfonyl-6-(propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide (MS-PPOH), an agent that inhibits CYP-epoxygenase activity. The notion that the inhibitory effect of AA is mediated by CYP-epoxygenase–dependent metabolites is also supported by the observation that application of 200 nM 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) inhibited ENaC in the CCD. In contrast, addition of 5,6-, 8,9-, or 14,15-EET failed to decrease ENaC activity. Also, application of 11,12-EET can still reduce ENaC activity in the presence of MS-PPOH, suggesting that 11,12-EET is a mediator for the AA-induced inhibition of ENaC. Furthermore, gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis detected the presence of 11,12-EET in the CCD and CYP2C23 is expressed in the principal cells of the CCD. We conclude that AA inhibits ENaC activity in the CCD and that the effect of AA is mediated by a CYP-epoxygenase–dependent metabolite, 11,12-EET