An Optimization of Energy Saving in Cloud Environment

Cloud computing is a technology in distributed computing which facilitates pay per model based on user demand and requirement. Cloud can be defined as a collection of virtual machines. This includes both computational and storage facility. The goal of cloud computing is to provide efficient access to remote and geographically distributed resources. Cloud Computing is developing day by day and faces many challenges; one of them is i) Load Balancing and ii) Task scheduling. Load balancing is defined as division of the amount of work that a system has to do between two or more systems so that more work gets done in the same amount of time and all users get served faster. Load balancing can be implemented with hardware, software, or a combination of both. Load balancing is mainly used for server clustering. Task Scheduling is a set of policies to control the work order to be performed by a system. It is also a technique which is used to improve the overall execution time of the job. Task Scheduling is responsible for selection of best suitable resources for task execution, by taking some parameters into consideration. A good task scheduler adapts its scheduling strategy according to the changing environment and the type of task. In this paper, the Energy Saving Load Balancing (ESLB) Algorithm and Energy Saving Task Scheduling (ESTS) algorithm was proposed. The various scheduling algorithms (FCFS, RR, PRIORITY, and SJF) are reviewed and compared. The ESLB algorithm and ESTS algorithm was tested in cloudsim toolkit and the result shows better performance

A global research priority agenda to advance public health responses to fatty liver disease

Background & aims An estimated 38% of adults worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). From individual impacts to widespread public health and economic consequences, the implications of this disease are profound. This study aimed to develop an aligned, prioritised fatty liver disease research agenda for the global health community. Methods Nine co-chairs drafted initial research priorities, subsequently reviewed by 40 core authors and debated during a three-day in-person meeting. Following a Delphi methodology, over two rounds, a large panel (R1 n = 344, R2 n = 288) reviewed the priorities, via Qualtrics XM, indicating agreement using a four-point Likert-scale and providing written feedback. The core group revised the draft priorities between rounds. In R2, panellists also ranked the priorities within six domains: epidemiology, models of care, treatment and care, education and awareness, patient and community perspectives, and leadership and public health policy. Results The consensus-built fatty liver disease research agenda encompasses 28 priorities. The mean percentage of ‘agree’ responses increased from 78.3 in R1 to 81.1 in R2. Five priorities received unanimous combined agreement (‘agree’ + ‘somewhat agree’); the remaining 23 priorities had >90% combined agreement. While all but one of the priorities exhibited at least a super-majority of agreement (>66.7% ‘agree’), 13 priorities had 90% combined agreement. Conclusions Adopting this multidisciplinary consensus-built research priorities agenda can deliver a step-change in addressing fatty liver disease, mitigating against its individual and societal harms and proactively altering its natural history through prevention, identification, treatment, and care. This agenda should catalyse the global health community’s efforts to advance and accelerate responses to this widespread and fast-growing public health threat. Impact and implications An estimated 38% of adults and 13% of children and adolescents worldwide have fatty liver disease, making it the most prevalent liver disease in history. Despite substantial scientific progress in the past three decades, the burden continues to grow, with an urgent need to advance understanding of how to prevent, manage, and treat the disease. Through a global consensus process, a multidisciplinary group agreed on 28 research priorities covering a broad range of themes, from disease burden, treatment, and health system responses to awareness and policy. The findings have relevance for clinical and non-clinical researchers as well as funders working on fatty liver disease and non-communicable diseases more broadly, setting out a prioritised, ranked research agenda for turning the tide on this fast-growing public health threat

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Co Chemisorption On Pd; Effect Of Segregated Phosphorus

Auger Spectroscopy and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy were used to determine the effect of P on the activation energy for desorption of CO from a Pd foil. The CO chemisorption energy on a clean Pd surface was coverage dependent, with a low coverage value of 32 kcal mole, in agreement with results for monocrystal low index faces. On a P segregated surface, however, a coverage independent CO chemisorption energy of 26 kcal mole was observed. From the shape of the P(L23VV) Auger line, it is concluded that segregated P is not in its elemental form. © 1982.1192-3L383L387Gibbs, (1961) The Scientific Papers of J.W. Gibbs, 1. , Dover, New YorkWynblatt, Ku, (1977) Interfacial Segregation, , W.C. Johnson, J.M. Blakely, ASM, Metals Park, OHKiskinova, Goodman, (1981) Surface Sci., 108, p. 64da Cunha, (1981) MS Thesis, , Institute of Physics, University of CampinasGerlach, Ionization Spectroscopy of Contaminated Metal Surfaces (1972) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 8, p. 599Behm, Christmann, Ertl, Van Hove, (1980) J. Chem. Phys., 73, p. 2984Davies, Lambert, (1981) Surface Sci., 111, p. L671Ladas, Poppa, Boudart, (1981) Surface Sci., 102, p. 151Tracy, Palmberg, (1969) J. Chem. Phys., 51, p. 4852Redhead, (1962) Vacuum, 12, p. 203Mervyn, Baird, Wynblatt, (1979) Surface Sci., 82, p. 79Conrad, Ertl, Koch, Latta, (1974) Surface Sci., 43, p. 462Melles, Davis, Levenson, (1974) Phys. Rev., 9 B, p. 461

Phase Stability and Electronic Properties of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solid Solution (CH(NH2)2)<i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">x</i>(CH3NH3)1–<i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">x</i>Pb(Br<i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">y</i>I1–<i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">y</i>)3 as a Function of Composition

Compositional mixing provides the means to maintain the structural stability of a hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite for efficient and robust photovoltaic applications. Here we present a theoretical, first-principles study of the electronic and energetic properties of the solid solution (CH(NH2)2)x(CH3NH3)1–xPbBryI1–y, the mixing of two organic molecules with various orientations, formamidinium and methylammonium, and two halides, bromide and iodide. Our results show the variation in the band gap as a function of composition (x and y) provides several candidates that exceed the 27.5% Schockley–Queisser efficiency. The variation in the composition of hybrid perovskite shows specific regions where either the hexagonal or cubic phase dominates. We discuss the balance between the band gap and phase stability and indicate regions where the phase transition temperature between cubic and hexagonal phases is far from room temperature, indicating that these compositions are more robust at room temperature against phase transitions

DETERMINAÇÃO DO NÚMERO E DO ÂNGULO DE CONVOLUÇÃO DA FIBRA DE ALGODÃO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM PROPRIEDADES TECNOLÓGICAS DA FIBRA E DO FIO COTTON FIBER NUMBER AND CONVOLUTION ANGLE MEASUREMENT AND ITS RELATION TO YARN AND FIBER TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

A linhagem de algodoeiro IAC 20-233 e as variedades comerciais IAC 21 e IAC 22 foram caracterizadas morfologicamente pelo número e pelo ângulo de convolução de suas fibras, utilizando-se microscopia óptica. A variedade IAC 21 apresentou fibras com menor número e ângulo de convolução que a IAC 20-233 e a IAC 22, enquanto estas foram semelhantes entre si. Os três genótipos apresentaram fibras de maturidade similar. O índice Micronaire (medida do complexo finura + maturidade) da variedade IAC 21 foi maior que o dos demais, correspondendo, portanto, a fibras mais grossas. Isso pode ter contribuído para diminuir o número e o ângulo de convolução e, como conseqüência, deprimido a elongação da fibra e do fio de algodão produzido.<br>Two cotton cultivars (IAC 21 and IAC 22) and a breeding line (IAC 20-233) were morphologically characterized by the fiber number of convolutions and the convolution angle determined using optical microscopy. IAC 21 presented a smaller value for those traits than the ones determined for IAC 22 and IAC 20-233, which presented similar values. All three genotypes produced fibers with similar maturity. The highest Micronaire index (measurement of the complex fineness + maturity) obtained by the IAC 21 fiber, corresponds to the thickest fibers. This fact may lead to a reduction of the fiber number and angle of convolution and therefore decreased fiber and yarn elongation