Length frequency and growth studies on Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker) off Bombay coast

Specimens randomly collected from Sassoon Docks, Bombay, India, at monthly intervals during 1979 to 1981 were considered for age/growth studies. Cynoglossus macrolepidotus, the fish, attained a length of 202 mm at 1 year, 250 mm at 1 1/2 year and 272 mm at 21 months respectively; the maximum length of the fish could be 353 mm and the life span could be 7 years. The scale ring studies showed presence of only 0 to 3+ rings. Majority of the fishes were of 1 and 1+ year class

An Effective Data Privacy Mechanism through Secure Session Key Exchange Model for MANET

Data privacy in the mobile ad-hoc network is a problem due to wireless medium, frequent node movement and lack of any centralized infrastructure support. In such case, it is very important to build a reliable and secure network and achieve high throughput in MANET. The reliability and security of a network depend on whether the network remains linked to different failures and malicious activities, which is the fundamental issue that needs to be focused when designing a secure routing protocol in MANET. This paper proposes an effective privacy mechanism to handle data security through a novel secure session key exchange model, which provides the node data privacy and network stability for a longer period of time and prevents abnormal behavior changes due to malicious behavior and different type of attacks in the network. The simulation results show improvement in throughput with nominal overhead and end-to-end delay in different malicious conditions against existing protocols

Characteristics of masonry units from iron ore tailings

This paper deals with an experimental study on masonry units made of iron ore tailings in compressed earth block. Compressed earth blocks (CEB) or stabilised mud blocks (SMB) are widely accepted as energy efficient alternatives to burnt clay bricks. Natural river sand is often used to obtain optimum soil gradation in the production of SMB. In order to reduce adverse impacts of indiscriminate mining of natural sand, iron ore tailings (IOT), which is a mine waste, is used as an alternate to the natural river sand. Based on the gradation of soil used for production of SMB, optimum mix proportion of soil, sand and cement was fixed and the sand fraction was replaced by IOT at 25%, 50% and 100%. The block characteristics like wet compressive strength, water absorption, initial rate of absorption and linear elongation were examined and discussed. From the experimental results it is found that considerable amount of sand can be replaced by IOTwithout compromising desirable characteristics of SMB used for masonr

The technique of MIEELDLD as a measure of the shock-capturing property of numerical methods for hyperbolic conservation laws

In this paper, we use some numerical methods namely Lax-Wendroff (LW), two-step Lax- Friedrichs (LF), two variants of composite methods made up of Lax-Wendroff and the twostep Lax-Friedrichs and Fromm’s scheme to solve a 1D linear advection and 1D diffusionless Burger’s equation, at some values of the Courant number. We then use two optimisation techniques based on both dispersion and dissipation and two optimisation techniques based on only dispersion and obtain the variation of the integrated errors vs the CFL number. It is seen that out of the five techniques, only one is a good measure of the shock-capturing of property of numerical methods.Research Development Programme of the University of Pretoriahttp://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=PCFD2015-10-31hb201

Formulation and Evaluation of Tacrolimus Transdermal Gel

The present investigation is concerned with formulation and evaluation of Transdermal gels of Tacrolimus, anti-psoriasis drug, to circumvent the first pass effect and to improve its bioavailability with reduction in dosing frequency and dose related side effects. Twelve formulations were developed with varying concentrations of polymers like Carbopol 934P, HPMCK4M and Sodium CMC. The gels were tested for clarity, Homogeneity, Spreadability, Extrudability, Viscosity, surface pH, drug Content uniformity, in-vitro drug diffusion study and ex-vivo permeation study using rat abdominal skin. FTIR studies showed no evidence on interactions between drug, polymers and excipients. The best in-vitro drug release profile was achieved with the formulation F4 containing 0.5 mg of exhibited 6 hr drug release i.e. 98.68 % with desired therapeutic concentration which contains the drug and Carbopol 934p in the ratio of 1:2. The surface pH, drug content and viscosity of the formulation F4 was found to be 6.27, 101.3% and 3, 10,000cps respectively. The drug permeation from formulation F4 was slow and steady and 0.89gm of tacrolimus could permeate through the rat abdominal skin membrane with a flux of 0.071 gm hr-1 cm-2. The in-vitro release kinetics studies reveal that all formulations fit well with zero order kinetics followed by non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Keywords: Transdermal gel, Viscosity, In-vitro drug release, In-vitro drug release kinetics study, Ex-vivo permeation stud

A rare presentation of the Klinefelter's syndrome

A 16 years old boy with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) was not suspected of having Klinefelter's syndrome until he complained of painful gynecomastia. He was under haemodialysis for 2 years. At first, he was in an approximately full pubertal development (P5, G5), but he had a small and a firm testis (length 2.2cm) and some degree of facial male pattern hair. He also had a decreased upper to lower body segment ratio and despite having chronic renal failure, he was taller than his parents and siblings. His laboratory tests showed high levels of FSH and normal levels of LH and testosterone. With regards to all these findings, we suspected that there might be an occult Klinefelter's syndrome. So, we made his karyotype that showed a 47XXY pattern. Because there are only a few number of cases that have occult Klinefelter's syndrome in the basis of chronic renal failure, we decided to report this case

Phenotypic assessment of groundnut response to key abiotic stress

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Observability and nonlinear filtering

This paper develops a connection between the asymptotic stability of nonlinear filters and a notion of observability. We consider a general class of hidden Markov models in continuous time with compact signal state space, and call such a model observable if no two initial measures of the signal process give rise to the same law of the observation process. We demonstrate that observability implies stability of the filter, i.e., the filtered estimates become insensitive to the initial measure at large times. For the special case where the signal is a finite-state Markov process and the observations are of the white noise type, a complete (necessary and sufficient) characterization of filter stability is obtained in terms of a slightly weaker detectability condition. In addition to observability, the role of controllability in filter stability is explored. Finally, the results are partially extended to non-compact signal state spaces

Sources of resistance to tobacco streak virus in Wild Arachis (Fabaceae: Papilionoidae) Germplasm

Article purchasedStem necrosis disease caused by Tobacco streak virus (TSV), first recognized in 2000, has emerged as a potential threat to peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in southern states of India. The virus induces severe necrosis of shoots leading to death of the plant, and plants that survive are malformed, with severe reduction in pod yield. All the currently grown peanut cultivars in India are highly susceptible to the virus. Therefore, wild relatives of peanut were evaluated to identify potential sources of resistance to TSV infection. In all, 56 germplasm accessions from 20 wild Arachis spp. in four sections (Arachis, Erectoides, Procumbente, and Rhizomatosae), along with susceptible peanut cultivars (JL 24 and K 1375), were evaluated for resistance to TSV under greenhouse conditions using mechanical sap inoculations. Systemic virus infection, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in the test accessions ranged between 0 and 100%. Twenty-four accessions in section Arachis that had 0 to 35% systemically infected plants were retested, and systemic infection was not detected in eight of these accessions in repeated trials in the greenhouse. These are International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics groundnut (ICG) accession nos. 8139, 8195, 8200, 8203, 8205, and 11550 belonging to A. duranensis; ICG 8144 belonging to A. villosa; and ICG 13210 belonging to A. stenosperma. Even though the resistant accessions had 0 to 100% TSV infection in inoculated leaves, TSV was not detected in the subsequently emerged leaves. This is the first report of TSV resistance in Arachis spp. The eight TSV resistant accessions are cross compatible with A. hypogaea for utilization in breeding for stem necrosis disease resistance