Kellergrat Formation

Massive gray limestone with abundant bioclasts and biogenes or reef-building organisms. Largest biogenes are stromatoporoid colonies and tabulate and colonial rugose corals. Amphipora and Stachyodes are common accessory reef builders

Spinotti Formation

The Spinotti Formation can be subdivided into three units: Unit 1, a lower massive stromatoporoid and crinoid-rich bioclastic limestone (from the onset of massive limestone below the ladder at 1880 m to elevation 1970 m at Sentiero Spinotti; elevation 1840-1860 m at Seekopf base), followed by Unit 2, a thick-bedded to massive light gray grainstone to rudstone. Beds are two to three meters thick with thin (25-30 cm) dolomitic interbeds. Higher up section the bed thickness decreases to 0.5-1 m and dolomite beds become more prevalent. Components are largely peloids and intraclasts comparable to the Eiskar Limestone described by Kreutzer (1990, 1992a). Unit 3 is characterized by bedded limestone with well-developed birdseye structures from elevation 2020 m to 2200 m. Dark limestones with Amphipora become more common in this upper part. Above the trail at 2120 m are bedded limestones with Stringocephalus exposed. This unit also contains many gastropods and amphipores. Bandel (1972: 30) observed stringocephalids in the area called \u201cdolines\u201d beyond Costone Stella at elevation 2180 m. These cannot be correlated with the ones at 2120 m and must belong to a higher stratigraphic unit, suggesting that the Eifelian-Givetian boundary is located approximately in the middle of the section

The Pre-Variscan sequence of the Carnic Alps \u2013 an introduction

An updated stratigraphic scheme of the Pre-Variscan sequence of the Carnic Alps is herein proposed. Subdivisions of the lithostratigraphic succession have been carefully revised and homogenized in each investigated time slice. Recognized units have been accordingly formalized. Timelines have been improved as well. The succession spans the Middle Ordovician-early Late Carboniferous interval and has been formally divided in 36 Formations, providing a sound reference for future geological studies in this part of the Carnic Alps and enabling a more global correlation with other palaeogeographical domains

Creta di Collina Formation

The Creta di Collina Formation consists of different interbedded facies. The stratotype section is composed of brachiopod-crinoidal calcarenite and calcilutite (mainly packstone, biopelsparite) with some breccias layers (rudite), brachiopod coquinite with calcilutite (packstone) intercalations, and brachiopod crinoidal calcilutite. At Porto di Cozzi the main units are dark gray calcarenite to calcilutite with scattered brachiopods and crinoid fragments (packstone), brachiopod coquinite, and brachiopod-crinoidal calcarenite (mainly packstone)

Creta di Collina Formation

The Creta di Collina Formation consists of different interbedded facies. The stratotype section is composed of brachiopod-crinoidal calcarenite and calcilutite (mainly packstone, biopelsparite) with some breccias layers (rudite), brachiopod coquinite with calcilutite (packstone) intercalations, and brachiopod crinoidal calcilutite. At Porto di Cozzi the main units are dark gray calcarenite to calcilutite with scattered brachiopods and crinoid fragments (packstone), brachiopod coquinite, and brachiopod-crinoidal calcarenite (mainly packstone)

Vinz Formation

The Vinz Formation consists of four well-bedded facies listed in order of decreasing abundance. Facies A: well bedded medium dark gray, medium to thick bedded, poorly sorted coral- and stromatoporoid-bearing rudstone (more rarely floatstone) with clasts up to about 10 cm of diameter and poorly sorted very coarse to fine grainstone matrix; sometimes rudstone shows a fining upward trend up to grainstone; Facies B: medium dark gray, thin to medium bedded, wackestone to packstone with moderate yellow thin laminae of silt; Facies C: medium dark gray, thin to thick bedded, often fining upward, moderately to well sorted locally laminated grainstone (from very coarse up to granules to fine-grained) to packstone; Facies D: rare medium light gray, medium to thick bedded, moderately to well sorted crinoidal-bearing grainstone with sparite cement

Kellerwand Formation

The Kellerwand Formation consists of four well-bedded facies listed in order of decreasing abundance. Facies A: medium dark gray, thin to medium-bedded, wackestone to packstone with moderate yellow thin laminae of silt; Facies B: medium dark gray, thin to thick bedded, often fining upward, moderately to well sorted and locally laminated grainstone (from very coarse up to granules to fine-grained) to packstone; Facies C: medium light gray, medium to thick bedded, moderately to well sorted crinoidal-bearing grainstone (biosparite); Facies D: medium dark gray, thick bedded, poorly sorted coral-bearing rudstone with clasts up to about 10 cm of diameter and poorly sorted very coarse to fine grainstone matrix

Vinz Formation

The Vinz Formation consists of four well-bedded facies listed in order of decreasing abundance. Facies A: well bedded medium dark gray, medium to thick bedded, poorly sorted coral- and stromatoporoid-bearing rudstone (more rarely floatstone) with clasts up to about 10 cm of diameter and poorly sorted very coarse to fine grainstone matrix; sometimes rudstone shows a fining upward trend up to grainstone; Facies B: medium dark gray, thin to medium bedded, wackestone to packstone with moderate yellow thin laminae of silt; Facies C: medium dark gray, thin to thick bedded, often fining upward, moderately to well sorted locally laminated grainstone (from very coarse up to granules to fine-grained) to packstone; Facies D: rare medium light gray, medium to thick bedded, moderately to well sorted crinoidal-bearing grainstone with sparite cement