Профессионально-аксиологические проблемы моделирования научно-педагогических текстов учителями и научно-педагогическими работниками

Behavioral flexibility allows individuals to react to environmental changes, but changing established behavior carries costs, with unknown benefits. Individuals may thus modify their behavioral flexibility according to the prevailing circumstances. Social information provided by the performance level of others provides one possible cue to assess the potential benefits of changing behavior, since out-performance in similar circumstances indicates that novel behaviors (innovations) are potentially useful. We demonstrate that social performance cues, in the form of previous players’ scores in a problem-solving computer game, influence behavioral flexibility. Participants viewed only performance indicators, not the innovative behavior of others. While performance cues (high, low, or no scores) had little effect on innovation discovery rates, participants that viewed high scores increased their utilization of innovations, allowing them to exploit the virtual environment more effectively than players viewing low or no scores. Perceived conspecific performance can thus shape human decisions to adopt novel traits, even when the traits employed cannot be copied. This simple mechanism, social performance feedback, could be a driver of both the facultative adoption of innovations and cumulative cultural evolution, processes critical to human succes

In vitro dual activity of Aloe marlothii roots and its chemical constituents against Plasmodium falciparum asexual and sexual stage parasites

Please abstract in the article.The Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa; the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the DSI, administered through the South African National Research Foundation; the South African Medical Research Council; the University of Pretoria Postgraduate Research Support Bursary, South Africa and the L’Oréal-UNESCO for Woman in Science grant.https://www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm2023-07-19hj2023BiochemistryChemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant PathologySchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)UP Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP CSMC

The nature of the memetic beast. Darwinizing Culture: The Status of Memetics as a Science (book review)

What are memes, and why might they be useful? This multiauthored book is a welcome attempt to bring together arguments for and against the meme concept. It begins with the admirable sentiment that if the meme idea is to flourish, it should do so regardless of its intuitive appeal but instead based upon sound scientific reasons

The nature of the memetic beast. Darwinizing Culture: The Status of Memetics as a Science (book review)

What are memes, and why might they be useful? This multiauthored book is a welcome attempt to bring together arguments for and against the meme concept. It begins with the admirable sentiment that if the meme idea is to flourish, it should do so regardless of its intuitive appeal but instead based upon sound scientific reasons

Natural selection and avian personality in a fluctuating environment (book review)

This thesis is about animal personality. Specifically, the personality of one bird species, the Great Tit Parus major. It focuses on the fitness consequences of exploratory behaviour, forming a pivotal part of a larger Netherlands Institute of Ecology program researching this personality trait

Relative brain size and the distribution of innovation and social learning across the nonhuman primates

The history of comparative learning could simply be classified as disappointing. The comparative psychologist often appears to know little more than the grade school child who would rather have a pet dog than bird, or bird than fish, or fish than worm, simply because they make better friends, as they can be taught more. This state of affairs did not arise without considerable effort. (RIDDELL, 1979, P. 95) Ecology and "intelligence" are two commonly invoked explanations for species differences in the reliance on socially learned traditions, yet we know little about how social learning evolved. Here, I examine hypotheses for the evolution and evolutionary consequences of social learning and detail possible routes to address these ideas. I will test social and ecological hypotheses for primate brain evolution to illustrate possible approaches to the study of traditions. This chapter explores cognitive, ecological, and life-history variables that may accompany a propensity for social learning, specifically, the roles of brain size and social group size. I also examine the distribution of innovations and tool use across the nonhuman primates, to determine how these aspects of behavioral plasticity are associated with social learning and to explore the relationship between asocial and social learning. Such analyses can provide important clues as to whether we can sensibly talk about the "evolution of traditions", or whether an increased reliance on social learning is simply a by-product of selection for generalized learning abilities