A Theoretical Formation of Emotional Intelligence and Childhood Trauma among Adolescents

Problem Statement: Much has been documented on the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on adolescents in terms of their problem-solving skills (Ajawani, 2012), creativity (Vijaykumar, 2012), and academic performance (Shenoy & Thingujam, 2012). Increasingly, emphasis has been paid on the effect of EI on health among this population. For example, EI has been shown to interact with personality traits to affect psychological well-being (Salami, 2012). EI, based on literature focusing on the adult population, shows that it is a protective factor and can buffer against psychological distress (e.g. Hunt & Evans, 2004; Schmidt & Andrykowski, 2004). However, little is known regarding the role that EI could play in influencing such outcome among traumatized adolescents. Whilst one study has shown that low EI predicted the likelihood for being bullied by peers (Lomas et.al, 2012), no research has focused on the effect of childhood trauma. To what extent EI could interact with the experience of childhood trauma in influencing different degrees of psychological distress among adolescents is unknown.Purpose of Study: The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it aims to provide a brief review of literature pertaining to the relationship between psychological well-being and emotional intelligence among adolescents. Secondly, it aims to point out the gap in research looking at the link between EI and childhood trauma and to formulate a theoretical model for understanding the foregoing relationship. The theoretical postulate is integrated with theories from trauma and EI literature. In brief, it postulates that the experience of childhood trauma would have a significant impact on the development of traumatized self (Brewin, 2002) among these adolescents. This traumatized self is characterized by altered self-capacities of which interpersonal conflicts or difficulties with oneself and others are part (Briere & Spinazolli, 2005).Conclusions: This would hinder the development of EI which would in turn affect different degrees of psychological well-being. This theoretical model will be relevant for not only researchers investigating childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in general but also it will have significant clinical implications for counselor and psychotherapists who work with adolescent

The Process " Pbar P -> E- E+ " with Polarized Initial Particles and Proton Form Factors in Time-Like Region

The discussion on the asymptotical behaviour of the form factors in the space-like and time-like regions have been corrected and clarified. Fig.3 has been replaced by an improved analysis of the data.Comment: DFTT 13/93. LaTeX file, 11 pages + 3 figures (included

The R" wave in V1 and the negative terminal QRS vector in aVF combine to a novel 12-lead ECG algorithm to identify slow conducting anatomical isthmus 3 in patients with tetralogy of Fallot

AimsPatients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) have an increased risk of ventricular tachycardia (VT), with slow conducting anatomical isthmus (SCAI) 3 as dominant VT substrate. In patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB), SCAI 3 leads to local activation delay with a shift of terminal RV activation towards the lateral RV outflow tract which may be detected by terminal QRS vector changes on sinus rhythm electrocardiogram (ECG).Methods and resultsConsecutive rTOF patients aged ≥16 years with RBBB who underwent electroanatomical mapping at our institution between 2017–2022 and 2010–2016 comprised the derivation and validation cohort, respectively. Forty-six patients were included in the derivation cohort (aged 40±15 years, QRS duration 165±23 ms). Among patients with SCAI 3 (n = 31, 67%), 17 (55%) had an R″ in V1, 18 (58%) had a negative terminal QRS portion (NTP) ≥80 ms in aVF, and 12 (39%) had both ECG characteristics, compared to only 1 (7%), 1 (7%), and 0 patient without SCAI, respectively.Combining R″ in V1 and/or NTP ≥80 ms in aVF into a diagnostic algorithm resulted in a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 87% in detecting SCAI 3. The inter-observer agreement for the diagnostic algorithm was 0.875. In the validation cohort [n = 33, 18 (55%) with SCAI 3], the diagnostic algorithm had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 80% for identifying SCAI 3.ConclusionA sinus rhythm ECG-based algorithm including R″ in V1 and/or NTP ≥80 ms in aVF can identify rTOF patients with a SCAI 3 and may contribute to non-invasive risk stratification for VT.Cardiolog

Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular adenoma in the Netherlands: Similarities and differences

Background: The diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HA) has a great impact on the lives of young women and may pose clinical dilemmas to the clinician since there are no standardized protocols to follow. We aimed to establish expert opinions on diagnosis and treatment of HA by collecting data from a nationwide questionnaire in the Netherlands. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 20 Dutch hospitals known to offer hepatologic and surgical experience on liver tumours. Results: 17 hospitals (85%) responded to the questionnaire. Annually, a median of 52 patients presented with a solid liver tumour. In 15 (88%) hospitals, hepatic adenomas were diagnosed with contrast-enhanced, multiphase spiral CT or MRI. In 2 (12%) hospitals, histology was required as part of a management protocol. Surveillance after withdrawal of oral contraceptives was the initial policy in all clinics. MRI, CT or ultrasound was used for follow-up. Criteria for surgical resection were a tumour size >5 cm and abdominal complaints. In 5 (29%) hospitals, patients were dismissed from follow-up after surgery. In complex cases (e.g. large, multiple or centrally localized lesions, a wish for pregnancy), the tre

Management of hepatocellular adenoma during pregnancy

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular adenoma in pregnant women requires special considerations because of the risk of hormone induced growth and rupture. To prevent these potential lethal complications, pregnancy is either often discouraged or the surgical resection of large adenomas is recommended. It may be questioned whether it is justified to deny a young woman a pregnancy, as the biological behaviour of hepatocellular adenoma may be less threatening than presumed. In this study we establish the management of hepatocellular adenoma during pregnancy based on our own experience and literature. Methods: Twelve women with documented hepatocellular adenoma were closely monitored during a total of 17 pregnancies between 2000 and 2009. Their files were reviewed. Results: In four cases, hepatocellular adenomas grew during pregnancy, requiring a Caesarean section in one patient (two pregnancies) at 36 and 34 weeks because of an assumed high risk of rupture. In one case radiofrequency ablation therapy was applied in the first trimester to treat a hormone sensitive hepatocellular adenoma, thereby excluding potential growth later in pregnancy. No intervention was performed in the other 14 cases and all pregnancies had an uneventful course with a successful maternal and fetal outcome. Conclusions: A "wait and see" management may be advocated in pregnant women presenting with a hepatocellular adenoma. In women with large tumours or in whom hepatocellular adenoma had complicated previous pregnancies, surgical resection may be recommended. In women with smaller adenomas it may no longer be necessary to discourage pregnancy

Factors Influencing the Participation of Older People in Clinical Trials : Data Analysis from the MAVIS Trial

Peer reviewedPostprin

Monitoring lactic acid concentrations by infrared spectroscopy: A new developed method for Lactobacillus fermenting media with potential food applications

The lactic acid bacteria are key microorganisms for the production and preservation of fermented dairy products, cheeses, sourdough bread, and lacto-fermented vegetables. This study was developed to monitor lactic acid produced by Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393, as single strains and combined, in fermenting media by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy coupled to multivariate statistical analysis. Media containing different mixtures of carbohydrates were chosen as model fermenting media for monitoring lactic acid concentration by infrared spectroscopy, due to the fact that vegetable and animal food matrices could contain different carbohydrates as carbon sources. Three different types of media were obtained by adding different carbohydrates to a basic MRS medium. HPLC was used as reference method for lactic acid quantification. The calibration set (n=36) was used for building model, while a validation set (n=13) for testing the robustness of the developed model. The coefficients of determination between predicted and reference values were 0.986 and 0.965, while root mean square error for calibration and validation sets recorded values of 0.127 and 0.263 g·l−1, respectively. Results confirmed the efficiency of FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistics, as a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective tool for routine monitoring of lactic acid

A single-center, observational study of 607 children & young people presenting with Differences in Sex Development (DSD)

Context Differences in sex development (DSD) represent a wide range of conditions presenting at different ages to various health professionals. Establishing a diagnosis, supporting the family and developing a management plan are important. Objective We aimed to better understand the presentation and prevalence of pediatric DSD. Design A retrospective, observational cohort study was undertaken of all children and young people (CYP) referred to a DSD multi-disciplinary team over 25 years (1995-2019). Setting A single tertiary paediatric center. Participants In total, 607 CYP (520 regional referrals) were included. Main Outcome Measures Data were analyzed for diagnosis, sex-assignment, age and mode of presentation, additional phenotypic features, mortality, and approximate point prevalence. Results Amongst the three major DSD categories, sex chromosome DSD was diagnosed in 11.2% (68/607) (most commonly 45, X/46, XY mosaicism), 46, XY DSD in 61.1% (371/607) (multiple diagnoses often with associated features), while 46, XX DSD occurred in 27.7% (168/607) (often 21-hydroxylase deficiency). Most children (80.1%) presented as neonates, usually with atypical genitalia, adrenal insufficiency, undescended testes or herniae. Those presenting later had diverse features. Rarely, the diagnosis was made antenatally (3.8%, n = 23) or following incidental karyotyping/family history (n = 14). Mortality was surprisingly high in 46, XY children, usually due to complex associated features (46, XY girls, 8.3%; 46, XY boys, 2.7%). The approximate point prevalence of neonatal referrals for investigation of DSD was 1 in 6,347 births, and 1 in 5,101 overall throughout childhood. Conclusions DSD represent a diverse range of conditions that can present at different ages. Pathways for expert diagnosis and management are important to optimize care