4 research outputs found

    Actividad radical, removilizaci贸n y absorci贸n de N en trigo en postantesis bajo dos sistemas de labranza y fertilizaci贸n nitrogenada

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    El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la actividad radical y su relaci贸n con la acumulaci贸n, removilizaci贸n y absorci贸n de N en trigo durante postantesis bajo dos sistemas de labranza y distintas dosis de fertilizaci贸n nitrogenada. La mayor acumulaci贸n de N bajo la labranza convencional se tradujo en un mayor aporte de N al grano (10,36 g m- 2 en 2002 y 10,19g m- 2 en 2003) y en un mayor rendimiento (485,78 g m- 2 en 2002 y 468,2g m- 2 en 2003). La siembra directa no present贸 diferencias con la labranza convencional en el N absorbido postantesis, pero s铆 en el removilizado.La fertilizaci贸n aument贸 el N acumulado en cada etapa fenol贸gica,el N removilizado y el N absorbido postantesis. La materia secaradical disminuy贸 desde antesis hacia madurez. No obstante su tasa de absorci贸n espec铆fica de N (SARn) se mantuvo, lo que sugiere que el N acumulado en el grano no s贸lo proviene del N removilizado sino tambi茅ndel absorbido postantesis. Durante el llenado de granos la MSR no mostr贸 relaci贸n con la tasa de absorci贸n de N, pero s铆 lo hizo su SARn (r= 0,99** y 0,97 ** para 2002 y 2003 respectivamente). Los cultivares presentaron un comportamiento diferencial frente a los distintos tratamientos analizados

    Nitrificaci贸n potencial, actividad deshidrogen谩sica y biomasa microbiana en un suelo argiudol cultivado con trigo bajo dos sistemas de labranza

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    The purpose of this work was to analyze the dynamics of soil biomass and its activity in a soil fertilized with N andcultivated under conventional or zero tillage systems. The soil under conventional tillage had larger biomass than underzero tillage but, in this latter condition, it was further increased by the N-fertilization. Dehydrogenase activity inthe soil was identical under both management systems suggesting similar levels of activity. In addition, fertilizationdid not modify the nitrogen mineralization capacity of the soil. Only the addition of calcareous NH4NO3, a fertilizerthat releases nitrogen much faster than urea, resulted in the immobilization of nitrogen during wheat tillering, whereasurea did not alter soil N mineralization. The lack of a significant biomass response to tilling practices was reflectedby the wheat biomass and grain yield, that was the same under both tilling systems. Only the total N content of wheatwas higher under zero tillage than under conventional management, although this did not result in an increment ingrain yield.El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la din谩mica de la biomasa microbiana y su actividad en un suelo fertilizado con distintas fuentes nitrogenadas y cultivado con trigo bajo labranza convencional y labranza m铆nima. En el suelo de las parcelas cultivadas bajo labranza convencional la biomasa microbiana fue mayor que en el suelo de las parcelas cultivadas bajo labranza m铆nima, provocando la fertilizaci贸n nitrogenada un aumento de biomasa en este 煤ltimo. La actividad de deshidrogenadas fue similar en el suelo cultivado bajo los dos sistemas de labranza. La adici贸n de NO3NH4 calc谩reo, fertilizante de liberaci贸n m谩s r谩pida que la urea, result贸 en la inmovilizaci贸n de nitr贸geno durante el macollaje del trigo, mientras que la urea no alter贸 la mineralizaci贸n del nitr贸geno del suelo (...

    Actividad radical, removilizaci贸n y absorci贸n de N en trigo en postantesis bajo dos sistemas de labranza y fertilizaci贸n nitrogenada Postanthesis root activity, removilisation and N absortion in wheat under two tillage systems and nitrogen fertilization

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    El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la actividad radical y su relaci贸n con la acumulaci贸n, removilizaci贸n y absorci贸n de N en trigo durante postantesis bajo dos sistemas de labranza y distintas dosis de fertilizaci贸n nitrogenada. La mayor acumulaci贸n de N bajo la labranza convencional se tradujo en un mayor aporte de N al grano (10,36 g m- 2 en 2002 y 10,19 g m- 2 en 2003) y en un mayor rendimiento (485,78 g m- 2 en 2002 y 468,2 g m- 2 en 2003). La siembra directa no present贸 diferencias con la labranza convencional en el N absorbido postantesis, pero s铆 en el removilizado. La fertilizaci贸n aument贸 el N acumulado en cada etapa fenol贸gica, el N removilizado y el N absorbido postantesis. La materia seca radical disminuy贸 desde antesis hacia madurez. No obstante su tasa de absorci贸n espec铆fica de N (SARn) se mantuvo, lo que sugiere que el N acumulado en el grano no s贸lo proviene del N removilizado sino tambi茅n del absorbido postantesis. Durante el llenado de granos la MSR no mostr贸 relaci贸n con la tasa de absorci贸n de N, pero s铆 lo hizo su SARn (r= 0,99** y 0,97 ** para 2002 y 2003 respectivamente). Los cultivares presentaron un comportamiento diferencial frente a los distintos tratamientos analizados.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate postanthesis root activity and N accumulation, removilisation and absorption under two tillage systems and three N fertilizer levels. The higher N accumulation under the conventional tillage resulted in a greater contribution of N to the grain (10,36 g m- 2 in 2002 and 10,19 g m- 2 in 2003) and a greater yield (485,78 g m- 2 in 2002 and 468,2 g m- 2 in 2003). No-tillage did not present differences with the conventional tillage in the postanthesis N absorbed, but in the remobilised N differences between two tillage systems were observed. The fertilization increased postanthesis N accumulated, N remobilised and N absorbed. Root dry matter decreased from anthesis towards maturity. However, its specific absortion rate of nitrogen (SARn) was remained but also increased during the last analyzed stage, which suggests that N accumulation in the grain not only came to the N remobilised but also postanthesis absorption was important. Root dry matter did not show relation with the absorption rate of nitrogen, but its SARn did. Cultivars presented differential behavior to the different analyzed treatments

    Anatomical and physiological characteristics of two argentine wheat cultivars Caracter铆sticas anat么micas e fisiol贸gicas de dois cultivares argentinos de trigo

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    Two Argentine field grown wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Buck Cencerro (BC) with traditional germoplasm, and Buck Pucar谩 (BP) with Mexican germoplasm, have been investigated in order to compare anatomical and physiological characteristics of the flag leaf measured in heading (stage E59), anthesis (stage E69) and kernel water ripe (stage 71). In both cultivars, photosynthetic rate was not different for the same phenological stage, except for E71. Averages in stage E59 were higher than stages E69 and E71 for both cultivars (22.70, 18.40 and 10.40 碌mol m-2 s-1 for BP and 23.82, 18.41 and 8.28 碌mol m-2 s-1 for BC, respectively). Transpiration rates were higher in BP (5.0, 5.6 and 4.89 mmol m-2 s-1) than BC (3.3, 4.4 and 2.57 mmol m-2 s-1) for stages E59, E69 and E71, respectively. Consequently, instantaneous water use efficiencies were higher in BC than in BP. No difference between cultivars and phenological stages was observed in specific surface area (mesophyll area per unit mass) determined by physical adsorption of nitrogen at low temperature (78&deg; K); the mean was 8.9 m虏 g-1. It was similar as values found in previous works, in others T. aestivum L. and greater than the values found for Ligustrum lucidum Aiton, by the same technique. Differences could be attributed to the roughness of the cell wall and the dimensions of the cell itself. No positive correlation between specific surface and photosynthetic rate was observed neither for cultivars nor for phenological stages.<br>Dois cultivares argentinos de trigo (Triticum aestivium L), Buck Cencerro (BC), com germoplasma tradicional e Buck Pucar谩 (BP), com germoplasma mexicano, foram pesquisados para comparar as caracter铆sticas anat么micas e fisiol贸gicas da folha bandeira medida no espigamento (est谩dio E59), na antese (est谩dio E69) e na fase de gr茫o aquoso completo (est谩dio E71). Nos dois cultivares, a taxa fotossint茅tica foi semelhante no mesmo est谩gio fenol贸gico, exceto no E71. As m茅dias no est谩dio E59 foram superiores 脿s dos est谩gios E69 e E71 nos dois cultivares (22,70; 18,40 e 10,40 碌mol m-2 s-1 para o BP e 23,82; 18,41 e 8,28 碌mol m-2 s-1 para o BC, respectivamente). Nos tr锚s est谩dios, as taxas de transpira莽茫o foram maiores no BP (5,0; 5,6 e 4,89 mmol m-2 s-1) comparado ao BC (3,3; 4,4 e 2,57 mmol m-2 s-1). Consequentemente, a efici锚ncia de uso instant芒neo de 谩gua foi maior no BC, quando comparado com o BP. N茫o foram observadas diferen莽as de 谩rea foliar espec铆fica para cultivares e est谩dios fenol贸gicos (谩rea do mes贸filo por unidade de massa), determinada por adsor莽茫o f铆sica de nitrog锚nio a baixa temperatura (78&deg; K), registrando-se m茅dia geral de 8,9 m虏 g-1. Esse valor foi semelhante a outros reportados em trabalhos pr茅vios com T. aestivum L. e maiores que os determinados para Ligustrum lucidum Aiton, pela mesma t茅cnica. As diferen莽as podem ser atribu铆das 脿 rugosidade da parede celular e as pr贸prias dimens玫es da c茅lula. N茫o houve correla莽茫o positiva entre 谩rea espec铆fica e taxa fotossint茅tica para cultivares ou est谩dios fenol贸gicos
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