A characteristic free criterion of birationality

One develops {\em ab initio} the theory of rational/birational maps over reduced, but not necessarily irreducible, projective varieties in arbitrary characteristic. A numerical invariant of a rational map is introduced, called the Jacobian dual rank. It is proved that a rational map in this general setup is birational if and only if the Jacobian dual rank attains its maximal possible value. Even in the "classical" case where the source variety is irreducible there is some gain for this invariant over the degree of the map as it is, on one hand, intrinsically related to natural constructions in commutative algebra and, on the other hand, is effectively straightforwardly computable. Applications are given to results so far only known in characteristic zero. In particular, the surprising result of Dolgachev concerning the degree of a plane polar Cremona map is given an alternative conceptual angle.Comment: 24 page

Identification and characterization of pathogenic viruses in aquatic animal using advanced techniques in order to develop rapid diagnostic kit (shrimp viral disease kit as well as TSV, HPV and MBV )

Shrimp production increasing rapidly in the world and in2013 the production reaches 4.2 MT. In Iran the shrimp production is under development and estimated in 1393, 20 thousand tons produced. In this regards the important subject is health and disease in shrimp farm. The white spot syndrome virus for second time appears in chabahar and damage many farms. Because the aquaculture activity expand in the world in national, regional and international scale, many emerge disease are endanger. In this regard the viral disease is very important and not only decrease the production but also has a side effect in business and national economy. For control and prevention the viral disease, the accurate methods such as PCR kit were developed. In this project the PCR methods with sensitivity, specificity and efficacy was designed and used for detection viral disease. Many viruses have several serotypes and in different area maybe new serotype induce the disease. For this reason, the specific kit will be design. Three viruses consist of MBV, TSV and IHHNV are very pathogenic in shrimp farm and need the specific PCR kit for detection them. In this project the MBV virus was identified and designs a new primer with Oligo software and the primer amplified a part of DNA with 185 bp in the gel. The specificity and sensitivity of primer were checked by IQ2000 Kit and the primer used for detection unknown samples

Evaluation of sesamum gum as an excipient in matrix tablets

In developing countries modern medicines are often beyond the affordability of the majority of the population. This is due to the reliance on expensive imported raw materials despite the abundance of natural resources which could provide an equivalent or even an improved function. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of sesamum gum (SG) extracted from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum (readily cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa) as a matrix former. Directly compressed matrix tablets were prepared from the extract and compared with similar matrices of HPMC (K4M) using theophylline as a model water soluble drug. The compaction, swelling, erosion and drug release from the matrices were studied in deionized water, 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) using USP apparatus II. The data from the swelling, erosion and drug release studies were also fitted into the respective mathematical models. Results showed that the matrices underwent a combination of swelling and erosion, with the swelling action being controlled by the rate of hydration in the medium. SG also controlled the release of theophylline similar to the HPMC and therefore may have use as an alternative excipient in regions where Sesamum radiatum can be easily cultivated

Monitoring of airborne bacteria and aerosols in different wards of hospitals - Particle counting usefulness in investigation of airborne bacteria

[b]Introduction and objective[/b]. The presence of airborne bacteria in hospital environments is of great concern because of their potential role as a source of hospital-acquired infections (HAI). The aim of this study was the determination and comparison of the concentration of airborne bacteria in different wards of four educational hospitals, and evaluation of whether particle counting could be predictive of airborne bacterial concentration in different wards of a hospital. [b]Materials and method.[/b] The study was performed in an operating theatre (OT), intensive care unit (ICU), surgery ward (SW) and internal medicine (IM) ward of four educational hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 80 samples were analyzed for the presence of airborne bacteria and particle levels. [b]Results.[/b] The average level of bacteria ranged from 75–1194 CFU/m [sup]3[/sup] . Mean particle levels were higher than class 100,000 cleanrooms in all wards. A significant correlation was observed between the numbers of 1–5 µm particles and levels of airborne bacteria in operating theatres and ICUs. The results showed that factors which may influence the airborne bacterial level in hospital environments should be properly managed to minimize the risk of HAIs especially in operating theaters. [b]Conclusions.[/b] Microbial air contamination of hospital settings should be performed by the monitoring of airborne bacteria, but particle counting could be considered as a good operative method for the continuous monitoring of air quality in operating theaters and ICUs where higher risks of infection are suspected

Prevalence of GJB2-associated deafness and outcomes of cochlear implantation in Iran

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of mutations in the coding exon of the GJB2 gene in Iranian children with cochlear implants, and to compare the outcomes of auditory perception and speech production in cochlear-implanted children with and without GJB2 mutation. Materials and methods: One hundred and sixty-six prelingually deaf children who had undergone cochlear implantation at the Iranian Cochlear Implant Center, Tehran, were selected from a pool of 428 implanted children. The prevalence of GJB2 gene mutations was assessed using nested polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. To enable comparisons, we also identified 36 implanted children with non-GJB2 deafness. Patients' speech perception and speech production were assessed using the Categorization of Auditory Performance and Speech Intelligibility Rating scales. Results: Thirty-three of 166 probands (19.9 per cent) were found to have GJB2 deafness-causing allele variants and were diagnosed with DFNB1 deafness. Results also indicated a significant improvement in speech perception and production scores in both GJB2 and non-GJB2 patients over time. Conclusion: Children with GJB2-related deafness benefit from cochlear implantation to the same extent as those with non-GJB2-related deafness. Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2011

Gated spect phase analysis of abnormal left ventricular wall motion polar maps in patients with normal perfusion, normal global function, and low pretest probability of ischemic heart disease

Background: One of the probable reasons for wall motion polar map abnormalities is left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. The objective of this study was to evaluate LV dyssynchrony via the phase analysis on myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with a low pretest probability of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and normal electrocardiography (ECG)-gated MPI as the possible contributor to LV regional wall motion polar map abnormalities. Methods: A total of 181 patients with a low likelihood of IHD, normal MPI, a normal global function, and a normal global ejection fraction were divided into 2 groups: Group A: 81 patients with abnormal regional wall motion and Group B: 100 patients with normal wall motion polar maps. Dyssynchrony in the LV wall was assessed in terms of the phase analysis indices of entropy, the phase histogram bandwidth, and the phase standard deviation quantified by quantitative gated SPECT software, and the results for both groups were compared. Results: The mean entropy values in the LV anterior, lateral, inferior, and particularly septal walls (P < 0.0001), as well as the mean entropy value in the LV apical wall (P = 0.030), in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B. Moreover, the phase histogram bandwidth and the phase standard deviation were considerably higher in Group A than in Group B in all LV walls (P < 0.0001), except the LV apical wall (P = 0.063 and P = 0.036) respectively. Conclusions: Assessment of the phase analysis indices for LV dyssynchrony could be used in patients with a low probability of IHD, a normal LV perfusion, and abnormal wall motion polar maps as a complementary tool for the interpreting physician. © 2020, Iranian Heart Association. All rights reserved