Letter to Philander Chase

Reade offers Chase advice on how to garner the most money from potential benefactors.https://digital.kenyon.edu/chase_letters/1185/thumbnail.jp

Letter to Timothy Wiggin

Reade is telling Wiggin that Rev. John Fawcett would like to meet with Philander Chase, but neither of them know where Bp. Chase is to tell him, himself.https://digital.kenyon.edu/chase_letters/1292/thumbnail.jp

Soft X-ray resonant scattering study of single-crystal LaSr2_2Mn2_2O7_7

Soft X-ray resonant scattering studies at the Mn $L_{\texttt{II, III}}$- and the La $M_{\texttt{IV, V}}$- edges of single-crystal LaSr$_2$Mn$_2$O$_7$ are reported. At low temperatures, below $T_\texttt{N} \approx 160$ K, energy scans with a fixed momentum transfer at the \emph{A}-type antiferromagnetic (0 0 1) reflection around the Mn $L_{\texttt{II, III}}$-edges with incident linear $\sigma$ and $\pi$ polarizations show strong resonant enhancements. The splitting of the energy spectra around the Mn $L_{\texttt{II, III}}$-edges may indicate the presence of a mixed valence state, e.g., Mn$^{3+}$/Mn$^{4+}$. The relative intensities of the resonance and the clear shoulder-feature as well as the strong incident $\sigma$ and $\pi$ polarization dependences strongly indicate its complex electronic origin. Unexpected enhancement of the charge Bragg (0 0 2) reflection at the La $M_{\texttt{IV, V}}$-edges with $\sigma$ polarization has been observed up to 300 K, with an anomaly appearing around the orbital-ordering transition temperature, $T_{\texttt{OO}} \approx 220$ K, suggesting a strong coupling (competition) between them.Comment: Accepted by European Physical Journal

Piecewise continuous distribution function method: Fluid equations and wave disturbances at stratified gas

Wave disturbances of a stratified gas are studied. The description is built on a basis of the Bhatnagar -- Gross -- Krook (BGK) kinetic equation which is reduced down the level of fluid mechanics. The double momenta set is introduced inside a scheme of iterations of the equations operators, dividing the velocity space along and opposite gravity field direction. At both half-spaces the local equilibrium is supposed. As the result, the momenta system is derived. It reproduce Navier-Stokes and Barnett equations at the first and second order in high collision frequencies. The homogeneous background limit gives the known results obtained by direct kinetics applications by Loyalka and Cheng as the recent higher momentum fluid mechanics results of Chen, Rao and Spiegel. The ground state declines from exponential at the Knudsen regime. The WKB solutions for ultrasound in exponentially stratified medium are constructed in explicit form, evaluated and plotted.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, 14 ISNA conference, 199

Study of an Alternate Mechanism for the Origin of Fermion Generations

In usual extended technicolor (ETC) theories based on the group ${\rm{SU}(N_{ETC}})_{ETC}$, the quarks of charge 2/3 and -1/3 and the charged leptons of all generations arise from ETC fermion multiplets transforming according to the fundamental representation. Here we investigate a different idea for the origin of SM fermion generations, in which quarks and charged leptons of different generations arise from ETC fermions transforming according to different representations of ${\rm{SU}(N_{ETC}})_{ETC}$. Although this mechanism would have the potential, {\it a priori}, to allow a reduction in the value of $N_{ETC}$ relative to conventional ETC models, we show that, at least in simple models, it is excluded by the fact that the technicolor sector is not asymptotically free or by the appearance of fermions with exotic quantum numbers which are not observed.Comment: 6 pages, late

Therapy of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus by tigecyclin

Background: In the fields of traumatology and orthopaedics staphylococci are the most frequently isolated pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are known to be the major causative agents of osteomyelitis. The increasing number of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus and resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci as a trigger of complicated osteomyelitis and implant-associated infections is a major problem. Antibiotic therapy fails in 20% of cases. Therefore the development of novel antibiotics becomes necessary. Methods: This study analyses tigecyclin, the first antibiotic of the glycylines, as a potential therapy for osteomyelitis caused by multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore its intracellular activity and the potential use in polymethylmetacrylate-bone cement are examined. The intracellular activity of tigecyclin is determined by a human osteoblast infection model. The investigation of the biomechanical characteristics is conducted concerning the ISO 5833-guidelines. Results: Tigecyclin shows in vitro an intracellular activity that ranges between the antimicrobial activity of gentamicin and rifampicin. A significant negative effect on the biomechanical characteristics with an impaired stability is detected after adding tigecyclin to polymethylmetacrylate-bone cement with a percentage of 1.225% per weight. Conclusions: This study shows that tigecyclin might be a potent alternative for the systemic therapy of osteomyelitis and implant-associated infections whereas the local application has to be reconsidered individually.<br

A faecal microbiota signature with high specificity for pancreatic cancer

Cancer prevention; Intestinal microbiology; Pancreatic tumoursPrevenció del càncer; Microbiologia intestinal; Tumors pancreàticsPrevención de cáncer; Microbiología intestinal; Tumores pancreáticosBackground Recent evidence suggests a role for the microbiome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) aetiology and progression. Objective To explore the faecal and salivary microbiota as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Methods We applied shotgun metagenomic and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to samples from a Spanish case–control study (n=136), including 57 cases, 50 controls, and 29 patients with chronic pancreatitis in the discovery phase, and from a German case–control study (n=76), in the validation phase. Results Faecal metagenomic classifiers performed much better than saliva-based classifiers and identified patients with PDAC with an accuracy of up to 0.84 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) based on a set of 27 microbial species, with consistent accuracy across early and late disease stages. Performance further improved to up to 0.94 AUROC when we combined our microbiome-based predictions with serum levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9, the only current non-invasive, Food and Drug Administration approved, low specificity PDAC diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, a microbiota-based classification model confined to PDAC-enriched species was highly disease-specific when validated against 25 publicly available metagenomic study populations for various health conditions (n=5792). Both microbiome-based models had a high prediction accuracy on a German validation population (n=76). Several faecal PDAC marker species were detectable in pancreatic tumour and non-tumour tissue using 16S rRNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Conclusion Taken together, our results indicate that non-invasive, robust and specific faecal microbiota-based screening for the early detection of PDAC is feasible.We acknowledge funding from EMBL, CNIO, World Cancer Research (#15–0391), the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-669830 MicrobioS), the BMBF-funded Heidelberg CenterCentre for Human Bioinformatics (HD-HuB) within the German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (de.NBI #031A537B), Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER, Spain (grant numbers PI15/01573, PI18/01347, FIS PI17/02303); Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer, Spain (grant numbers RD12/0036/0034, RD12/0036/0050, RD12/0036/0073); III beca Carmen Delgado/Miguel Pérez-Mateo de AESPANC-ACANPAN; EU-6FP Integrated Project (#018771-MOLDIAG-PACA); EU-FP7-HEALTH (#259737-CANCERALIA). Funders had no involvement in the study design, patient enrolment, analysis, manuscript writing or reviewing

The TBX21 transcription factor T-1993C polymorphism is associated with decreased IFN-γ and IL-4 production by primary human lymphocytes

T-bet is a transcription factor that drives the Th1 immune response primarily through promoting expression of the IFN-γ gene. Polymorphisms in the T-bet gene, TBX21, have been associated with immune-mediated diseases such as asthma and systemic sclerosis. We found that the TBX21 promoter polymorphism T-1993C is associated with a significant decrease in IL-4 and IFN-γ production by stimulated primary human lymphocytes from healthy participants

Sociodemographic Factors Associated with AIDS Knowledge in a Random Sample of University Students

A telephone survey was used to assess knowledge of the transmission, prevalence, and infectivity of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the safety of casual contact among 214 randomly selected university students. Males were more knowledgeable than females overall (odds ratio [OR], men/women = 4.8). Although most students understood the dangers of unprotected sex and intravenous needle sharing, up to 30% believed some kinds of casual contact (e.g., shared eating utensils) can transmit AIDS. Older students (≥ 23 yrs) were more knowledgeable than those 17 to 19 years old about the safety of casual contact (OR = 3.8). Students are in need of education programs that stress the ways AIDS is not transmitted. Since most students identified newspapers and television as their main sources of information, these may be effective vehicles for education efforts.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73095/1/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00654.x.pd