177 research outputs found
When is policing fair? Groups, identity and judgements of the procedural justice of coercive crowd policing
Procedural justice theory (PJT) is now a widely utilised theoretical perspective in policing research that acknowledges the centrality of police ‘fairness’. Despite its widespread acceptance this paper asserts that there are conceptual limitations that emerge when applying the theory to the policing of crowd events. This paper contends that this problem with PJT is a result of specific assumptions that are highlighted by two studies using a novel experimental approach. Study 1 systematically manipulated the social categories used to describe crowd participants subjected to police coercion. The experiment demonstrates how these social categories dramatically affected participants’ perceptions of the same police action and that it was participants’ relational identification with the police, rather than a superordinate category, that mediated the association between judgements of procedural fairness and intentions to cooperate. In Study 2, using a quasi-experimental design, we then replicated and extended these findings by demonstrating how perceptions of procedural fairness are also influenced by levels of in-group identification. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of the data for reconceptualising the social psychological processes mediating these judgements and impacts of police legitimacy
Overview of the New Horizons Science Payload
The New Horizons mission was launched on 2006 January 19, and the spacecraft
is heading for a flyby encounter with the Pluto system in the summer of 2015.
The challenges associated with sending a spacecraft to Pluto in less than 10
years and performing an ambitious suite of scientific investigations at such
large heliocentric distances (> 32 AU) are formidable and required the
development of lightweight, low power, and highly sensitive instruments. This
paper provides an overview of the New Horizons science payload, which is
comprised of seven instruments. Alice provides spatially resolved ultraviolet
spectroscopy. The Ralph instrument has two components: the Multicolor Visible
Imaging Camera (MVIC), which performs panchromatic and color imaging, and the
Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA), which provides near-infrared
spectroscopic mapping capabilities. The Radio Experiment (REX) is a component
of the New Horizons telecommunications system that provides both occultation
and radiometry capabilities. The Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI)
provides high sensitivity, high spatial resolution optical imaging
capabilities. The Solar Wind at Pluto (SWAP) instrument measures the density
and speed of solar wind particles. The Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer
Science Investigation (PEPSSI) measures energetic protons and CNO ions. The
Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (VB-SDC) is used to record dust particle
impacts during the cruise phases of the mission.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; To appear in a special volume of Space
Science Reviews on the New Horizons missio
West Nile virus encephalitis in kidney transplanted patient, first case in Hungary : Case report
Magnetotransport in the Normal State of La1.85Sr0.15Cu(1-y)Zn(y)O4 Films
We have studied the magnetotransport properties in the normal state for a
series of La1.85Sr0.15Cu(1-y)Zn(y)O4 films with values of y, between 0 and
0.12. A variable degree of compressive or tensile strain results from the
lattice mismatch between the substrate and the film, and affects the transport
properties differently from the influence of the zinc impurities. In
particular, the orbital magnetoresistance (OMR) varies with y but is
strain-independent. The relations for the resistivity and the Hall angle and
the proportionality between the OMR and tan^2 theta are followed about 70 K. We
have been able to separate the strain and impurity effects by rewriting the
above relations, where each term is strain-independent and depends on y only.
We also find that changes in the lattice constants give rise to closely the
same fractional changes in other terms of the equation.The OMR is more strongly
supressed by the addition of impurities than tan^2 theta. We conclude that the
relaxation ratethat governs Hall effect is not the same as for the
magnetoresistance. We also suggest a correspondence between the transport
properties and the opening of the pseudogap at a temperature which changes when
the La-sr ratio changes, but does not change with the addition of the zinc
impurities
Weak Segregation Theory and Non-Conventional Morphologies in the Ternary ABC Triblock Copolymers
The Leibler weak segregation theory in molten diblock copolymers is
generalized with due regard for the 2nd shell harmonics contributions defined
in the paper and the phase diagrams are built for the linear and miktoarm
ternary ABC triblock copolymers. The symmetric linear copolymers with the
middle block non-selective with respect to the side ones are shown to undergo
the continuous ODT not only into the lamellar phase but also into various
non-conventional cubic phases (depending on the middle block composition it
could be the simple cubic, face-centered cubic or non-centrosymmetric phase
revealing the symmetry of space group No.214 first predicted to appear in
molten block copolymers). For asymmetric linear ABC copolymers a region of
compositions is found where the weakly segregated gyroid (double gyroid) phase
exists between the planar hexagonal and lamellar or one of the non-conventional
cubic phases up to the very critical point. In contrast, the miktoarm ABC block
copolymers with one of its arm non-selective with respect to the two others are
shown to reveal a pronounced tendency towards strong segregation, which is
preceded by increase of stability of the conventional BCC phase and a peculiar
weakly segregated BCC phase (BCC3), where the dominant harmonics belong to the
3rd co-ordination sphere of the reciprocal lattice. The validity region of the
developed theory is discussed and outlined in the composition triangles both
for linear and miktoarm copolymers.Comment: 61 pages, 12 figure
The New Horizons Spacecraft
The New Horizons spacecraft was launched on 19 January 2006. The spacecraft
was designed to provide a platform for seven instruments that will collect and
return data from Pluto in 2015. The design drew on heritage from previous
missions developed at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
(APL) and other missions such as Ulysses. The trajectory design imposed
constraints on mass and structural strength to meet the high launch
acceleration needed to reach the Pluto system prior to the year 2020. The
spacecraft subsystems were designed to meet tight mass and power allocations,
yet provide the necessary control and data handling finesse to support data
collection and return when the one-way light time during the Pluto flyby is 4.5
hours. Missions to the outer solar system require a radioisotope thermoelectric
generator (RTG) to supply electrical power, and a single RTG is used by New
Horizons. To accommodate this constraint, the spacecraft electronics were
designed to operate on less than 200 W. The spacecraft system architecture
provides sufficient redundancy to provide a probability of mission success of
greater than 0.85, even with a mission duration of over 10 years. The
spacecraft is now on its way to Pluto, with an arrival date of 14 July 2015.
Initial inflight tests have verified that the spacecraft will meet the design
requirements.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables; To appear in a special volume of
Space Science Reviews on the New Horizons missio
Intraorganizational Respect and Organizational Participation: The Mediating Role of Collective Identity
Refining and regaining skills in fixation/diversification stage performers: The Five-A Model
Technical change is one of many factors underpinning success in elite, fixation/diversification stage performers. Surprisingly, however, there is a dearth of research pertaining to this process or the most efficacious methods used to bring about such a change. In this paper we highlight the emergent processes, yet also the lack in mechanistic comprehension surrounding technical change, addressing issues within the motor control, sport psychology, coaching and choking literature. More importantly, we seek an understanding of how these changes can be made more secure to competitive pressure, and how this can be embedded within the process of technical change. Following this review, we propose The Five-A Model based on successful coaching techniques, psychosocial concomitants, the avoidance of choking and principles of effective behaviour change. Specific mechanisms for each stage are discussed, with a focus on the use of holistic rhythm-based cues as a possible way of internalising changes. Finally, we suggest the need for further research to examine these five stages, to aid a more comprehensive construction of the content and delivery of such a programme within the applied setting
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