Sport injuries of karate during training: An epidemiologic study in Iran

Background: Karate is a public sport that has athletes in various age ranges and abundant active sport clubs in Iran. The pattern of injury in this sport in Iranian athletes seems diferent from other countries. Objectives: This study was performed with the purpose of considering the incidence and type of injury of karate athletes aged below 30 years from Tehran, Iran clubs. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 10 karate clubs were selected in Tehran. Clubs were selected based on a cluster method from 5 diferent geographical regions of Tehran. All injuries were collected based on athletes� or clubs� weekly report with a designed questionnaire. The injuries were classifed according to: low, medium and severe injury. Collected data was analyzed with SPSS software version 17. Results: 620 athletes were studied totally and incidence rate of injury per athletes was 16.1 and 20.2 per 100 athletes. Ninety percent of than 70 kg and lower sport experience (P � 0.05). The commonest locations for injury were head and neck followed by trunk, lower and injuries were during bout practice, 6 during ftness and 4 during kata. The rate of injury was more common in athletes with weight less upper limb, respectively. Just 2 cases needed surgical intervention and no one led to decreased level of consciousness. The most common type of injury was contusion, bruise and superfcial scratch (64). Conclusions: Severe injury was uncommon in this study and similar to other Iranian studies head and neck had the most injuries. Athletes with lower experience and lower weight were associated with higher injuries. © 2015, Sports Medicine Research Center

Enabling servitization by affordance actualization:The role of digitalization capabilities

Digital technologies enable servitization by providing opportunities for the manufacturer to understand the product usage and condition, in customer’s operations. The present study seeks to validate the applicability of affordance actualization theory in order to help identify these opportunities. A systematic literature review of the extent servitization research is conducted to identify the key constructs of the theory and their role in enabling servitization using digital technology. The review identified common affordances across the servitization literature along with specific digitalization capabilities required to actualize these affordances. The study contributes further by proposing future research extended to affordance interdependence

Telling Tales of Transformation:Towards a Prescriptive Framework for Storytelling to Engage Stakeholders with Advanced Services

This paper presents a framework for the use of storytelling to accelerate the engagement of various stakeholders with organizational transformation. Though storytelling is associated with organizational change, and research into organizational storytelling is extensive, it has yet to be adapted into a method for the practicing storyteller. To fill this knowledge gap, a review of the literature is conducted, which informs a framework for organizational storytelling adopting the practitioner’s lens. This has been used in workshops with senior executives from large, small and medium-sized enterprises, who have expressed the need for stories to engage stakeholders with advanced services

The effects of inductive teaching system on design results of architectural design4 (Case study: Khayyam University of Mashhad)

Background and Objectives: The main aim of architectural schools is to train professional architectures who can design and organize the living spaces for people. But unfortunately these days most of them have not reach this goal. The most important reason of this issue is that the topics in the architectural schools do not correspond with the needs of professional workplaces. So it is important for the architectural schools to train professional architects who have enough abilities to start working, design and build real places.The 5 courses of architectural design studio are very important in learning system of Iranian architectural Universities. So it is important to analyse different teaching methods and their effects on each of these courses. In the first part of this article, the course programs of architectural design 4 have been analysed. The topics, goals and the steps of each method is explained; and in the following the effect of inductive teaching method has been analysed at Khayyam University of Mashhad as the case study of the research. The hypotheses of the research explore that the inductive teaching method let the students design more creative and rational projects, fulfil the needs of the projects that have correct relations among the spaces. Methods: The case study is Khayam university of Mashhad because one of the researchers of this research has been teaching in this university for many years. The research method is descriptive and analytical and survey research; and information was gathered by a questionnaire, observation and documental studies.The validity of questionnaire is controlled by content validity method and the reliability of the information was controlled by triangular method. The gathered information were analysed with content analysis, Spss software, graphical and deductive analysis. Findings: The results show that inductive teaching system let the students design more rational projects, which fulfil the needs of the projects that have correct relations among the spaces. These projects will be more executive and reach the architectural training goals in the school’s topics, define a better relation between the standards of the project and creative concepts and ideas and finally these projects will have better space quality that correspond with the topic of the design. But this method of teaching design process restricts the student’s creativity. Conclusion: changing the teaching methods architectural schools, changes the design process and the results of the final projects. There is a meaningful relationship between the independent and dependent variable. Because the correlation coefficient between the method of teaching designing process and the final result is good. According to the results of field studies and the research’s background we can claim that there is a relation between the teaching method of design process and the results. Each of the teaching method, according to their goals and topics which they focus on, can be successful in designing a good architectural project that fits the needs and functional conditions    In future researchways to alleviate the problems ofthis instructional approach that led to limiting students’ creativity are recommended.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2020 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

Servitization and competitive advantage:the importance of organizational structure and value chain position

Servitization represents a business-model change and organizational transformation from selling goods to selling an integrated combination of goods and services. Competitive advantage is one outcome of this shift. During servitization, companies follow stages to realize services as an opportunity to differentiate from goods and achieve higher customer satisfaction. This study analyzes this transition from base, intermediate, and advanced services by presenting results from 102 senior executives in multinational companies. Our results suggest increasing interest in service-led strategies in manufacturing companies. The results also show that increasing differentiation and high customer satisfaction are fundamental to achieving competitive advantage and superior performance with services. The analysis also indicates the importance of a company’s position in the value chain and the organizational structure it selects to support services in successful servitization