Prognostic value of simple frailty and malnutrition screening tools in patients with acute heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Background: Frailty and malnutrition are common in patients with heart failure (HF), and are associated with adverse outcomes. We studied the prognostic value of three malnutrition and three frailty indices in patients admitted acutely to hospital with HF. Methods: 265 consecutive patients [62% males, median age 80 (interquartile range (IQR): 72–86) years, median NTproBNP 3633 (IQR: 2025–6407) ng/l] admitted with HF between 2013 and 2014 were enrolled. Patients were screened for frailty using the Derby frailty index (DFI), acute frailty network (AFN) frailty criteria, and clinical frailty scale (CFS) and for malnutrition using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Results: According to the CFS (> 4), DFI, and AFN, 53, 50, and 53% were frail, respectively. According to the GNRI (≤ 98), CONUT score (> 4), and PNI (≤ 38), 46, 46, and 42% patients were malnourished, respectively. During a median follow-up of 598 days (IQR 319–807 days), 113 patients died. One year mortality was 1% for those who were neither frail nor malnourished; 15% for those who were either malnourished or frail; and 65% for those who were both malnourished and frail. Amongst the malnutrition scores, PNI, and amongst the frailty scores, CFS increased model performance most compared with base model. A final model, including CFS and PNI, increased c-statistic for mortality prediction from 0.68 to 0.84. Conclusion: Worsening frailty and malnutrition indices are strongly related to worse outcome in patients hospitalised with HF

Effects Of Mineral Nutrition On Inter-and Intraspecific Interference Of Peanut (arachis Hypogaea L.) And Hairy Beggarticks (bidens Pilosa L.)

The present work was carried out to study the effects of mineral nutrition on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) cv. IAC Runner-886 and hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.) growth, when submitted to inter-and intraspecific competition. The treatments consisted of two peanut plants per pot, two hairy beggarticks per pot and one plant of each species per pot. The plants were nourished with Hoagland and Arnon (1950) complete solution, or without potassium, or without phosphorus or without nitrogen. Sixty days after planting, no inter-or intraspecific competition effect on growth characteristics of peanut was verified and nutrition was not a limiting factor to the culture. No interaction between competition and nutrition effects was observed for both species. The weed suffered more negative effects from intraspecific competition and nutrition. The absence of N had a pronounced effect compared to the other elements, resulting in a reduction in all the evaluated characteristics. The deficiency of nutrients and competition affected the weed more than the crop, showing that peanut was more competitive than hairy beggarticks.3716569Bianco, S., Mar, T., Pitelli, R.A., Crescimento e nutrição de capim-braquiária (2005) Planta Daninha, 23, pp. 423-428Bozsa, R.C., Oliver, L.R., Shoot and root interference of common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium) and soybean (Glycine max) (1993) Weed Sci., 41, pp. 34-37Catunda, M.G., Freitas, S.P., Silva, C.M.M., Carvalho, A.J.R.C., Soares, L.M.S., Interferência de plantas daninhas no acúmulo de nutrientes e no crescimento de plantas de abacaxi (2006) Planta Daninha, 24, pp. 199-204Clark, G.L., (1971) Elementos de Ecologia, p. 534. , Omega. Barcelona, EspañaCralle, H.T., Fojtasek, T.B., Carson, K.H., Chandler, J.M., Miller, T.D., Senseman, S.A., Bovey, R.W., Stone, M.J., Wheat and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) competition as affected by phosphorus nutrition (2003) Weed Science, 51 (3), pp. 425-429. , DOI 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0425:WAIRLM]2.0.CO;2Dias, T.C.S., Alves, P.L.C.A., Pavani, M.C.M.D., Nepomuceno, M.P., Efeito do espaçamento na interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do amendoim (2009) Planta Daninha, 27, pp. 221-228Hoagland, D.R., Arnon, D.J., (1950) The Water Culture Method of Growing Plants Without Soil, p. 31. , University of California. Berkeley, CA, USAJorgensen, S.S., (1977) Metodologia Utilizada Para Análises Químicas de Rotina: Guia Analítico, p. 24. , CENA. Piracicaba, BrazilLorenzi, H., (2000) Plantas Daninhas Do Brasil: Terrestres Aquáticas, Parasitas, Tóxicas e Medicinais, p. 440. , 3rd ed. Plantarum. Nova Odessa, BrazilMalavolta, E., Vitti, C.C., Oliveira, S.A., (1989) Avaliação Do Estado Nutricional de Plantas: Princípios e Aplicações, p. 319. , 2nd ed. Potafós. Piracicaba, BrazilMarschner, H., (1990) Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, p. 674. , Academic Press. San Diego, CA, USAMarschner, H., Ion uptake mechanisms of individual cells and root: Short-distance transport (1995) Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, pp. 06-78. , Ch. 2 In, Academic Press. London, UKNepomuceno, M.P., Alves, P.L.C.A., Dias, T.C.S., Cardozo, N.P., Pavani, M.C.M.D., Effect of sowing time on the interference relations between a weed community and peanut crop (2007) Planta Daninha, 25 (3), pp. 481-488. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pd/v25n3/07.pdf, DOI 10.1590/S0100-83582007000300007Pitelli, R.A., Interferência das plantas daninhas nas culturas agrícolas (1985) Inf. Agropec., 11, pp. 16-27Pitelli, R.A., Ferraz, E.C., Marinis, G., Efeito do período de matocompetição sobre a produtividade do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1981) Planta Daninha, 4, pp. 110-119Procópio, S.O., Santos, J.B., Pires, F.R., Silva, A.A., Mendonça, E.S., Absorção e utilização do nitrogênio pelas culturas da soja e do feijão e por plantas daninhas (2004) Planta Daninha, 22, pp. 365-374De Oliveira Procopio, S., Santos, J.B.D., Pires, F.R., Da Silva, A.A., De Mendonca, E.S., Absorption and use of phosphorus by soybean and common bean crops and by weeds (2005) Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 29 (6), pp. 911-921. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbcs/v29n6/28960.pdfRadosevich, S.R., Holt, J., Ghersa, C., Physiological aspects of competition (1996) Weed Ecology: Implication for Management, pp. 217-301. , Wiley. New York, USARizzardi, M.A., Fleck, N.G., Vidal, R.A., Merotto Jr., A., Agostinetto, D., Competição por recursos do solo entre ervas daninhas e culturas (2001) Ciênc. Rural, 31, pp. 707-714Rodrigues Filho, F.S.O., Feitosa, C.T., Gerin, M.A.N., Omissão de macronutrientes em plantas de amendoim (1988) Bragantia, 47, pp. 305-312Ronchi, C.P., Terra, A.A., Silva, A.A., Ferreira, L.R., Acúmulo de nutrientes pelo cafeeiro sob interferência de plantas daninhas (2003) Planta Daninha, 21, pp. 219-227Sarruge, J.R., Haag, H.P., (1974) Análises Químicas em Plantas, p. 56. , ESALQ/USP. Piracicaba, BrazilShafiq, M., Hassan, A., Ahmad, N., Rashid, A., Crop yields and nutrient uptake by rainfed wheat and mungbean as affected by tillage, fertilization, and weeding (1994) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 17 (4), pp. 561-577Vitti, G.C., (1989) Avaliação e Interpretação Do Enxofre No Soloe Na Planta, p. 37. , FUNEP. Jaboticabal, Brazi

Adubação e o período anterior à interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do amendoim

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o efeito da adubação sobre a comunidade infestante e sobre o período anterior à interferência (PAI) das plantas daninhas na cultura do amendoim, cv. IAC Runner 886, em sistema convencional. Os períodos de convivência estudados foram: 0, 7, 15, 20, 30, 45, 55 e 126 dias após a emergência (DAE), totalizando oito tratamentos, dispostos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em dois níveis de adubação: 0 e 150 kg ha-1 da formulação 00-20-20 (N-P-K). A adubação não alterou a composição da comunidade infestante, destacando-se Cyperus rotundus, Eleusine indica, Indigofera hirsuta, Portulaca oleraceae e Sida rhombifolia como as espécies de maior importância relativa. Contudo, a densidade de plantas daninhas foi maior na área não adubada, mas sem afetar de modo diferenciado a massa seca acumulada por elas. O cultivar de amendoim IAC Runner 886 pode conviver com essa comunidade com e sem adubação por até 15 e 17 DAE (PAI), respectivamente, sem sofrer perdas significativas na produção. A interferência das plantas daninhas reduziu entre 31 e 34% a produtividade do amendoim para as áreas sem adubação e com adubação, respectivamente.This experiment was carried out to study the effect of fertilization on weed community and on the period before weed interference (PBI) in peanut culture, IAC Runner 886, under a conventional till system. The weed control periods studied were: 0, 7, 15, 20, 30, 45, 55, and 126 days after emergence (DAE), totaling eight treatments, arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications and two levels of fertilization (0 and 150 kg ha-1 of formulation 00-20-20 (N-P-K)). Fertilization did not affect the weed community, with the species Cyperus rotundus, Eleusine indica, Indigofera hirsuta, Portulaca oleracea and Sida rhombifolia being the most prominent at all levels of fertilization. However, weed density was higher in the non- fertilized area, but without particularly affecting the dry mass accumulated by these species. Peanut can grow along with the weed community, with and without fertilization, up to 15 and 17 DAE, without significant yield losses. Weed interference reduced peanut productivity between 31 and 34% for both the fertilized area and the area without fertilization, respectively