Electric-field-induced monoclinic phase in (Ba,Sr)TiO3_3 thin film

We have studied electric-field-induced symmetry lowering in the tetragonal (001)-oriented heteroepitaxial (Ba$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$)TiO$_3$ thin film deposited on (001)MgO substrate. Polarized micro-Raman spectra were recorded from the film area in between two planar electrodes deposited on the film surface. Presence of \textit{c}-domains with polarization normal to the substrate was confirmed from polarized Raman study under zero field, while splitting and hardening of the \textit{E}(TO) soft mode and polarization changes in the Raman spectra suggest monoclinic symmetry under external electric field

The nature of the ferromagnetic ground state in the Mn4 molecular magnet

Using ab initio band structure and model calculations we studied magnetic properties of one of the Mn$_4$ molecular magnets (Mn4(hmp)6), where two types of the Mn ions exist: Mn3+ and Mn2+. The direct calculation of the exchange constants in the GGA+U approximation shows that in contrast to a common belief the strongest exchange coupling is not between two Mn3+ ions (J_{bb}), but along two out of four exchange paths connecting Mn3+ and Mn2+ ions (J_{wb}). The microscopic analysis performed within the perturbation theory allowed to establish the mechanism for this largest ferromagnetic exchange constant. The charge ordering of the Mn ions results in the situation when the energy of the excited state in the exchange process is defined not by the large on-site Coulomb repulsion U, but by much smaller energy V, which stabilizes the charge ordered state. Together with strong Hund's rule coupling and specific orbital order this leads to a large ferromagnetic exchange interaction for two out of four Mn2+ --Mn3+ pairs.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

IMPACT OF FLAGSHIP ENTERPRISES ON TERRITORIAL PRODUCTIVITY: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS AT THE MUNICIPALITIES’ LEVEL

The article considers the direct and indirect influence of flagship enterprises on territorial productivity in the context of municipalities of three constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The authors suggest hypothesis that the presence of flagship enterprises affects positively on the level of territorial productivity. The paper  assumes that a number of socio-economic factors enhance the impact of flagship enterprises on territorial  productivity. The analysis of panel data from 84 municipalities in three regions of the Russian Federation confirmed the positive role of flagship enterprises in increasing the productivity of municipalities. These effects are particularly strong when the territory has a high income level, high population growth rates and low unemployment level. The results are characterized by high stability and make it possible to form recommendations  for governing bodies on creating conditions for faster growth

Sepsis and apoptosis

The article provides an overview of the current knowledge about the immune response in sepsis. Sepsis occurs on a background of development as a systemic inflammatory response, and immunosuppression phenomena. Dysfunction of the immune system is one of the most important parts of the pathophysiology and compulsory process. One of the immunosuppression mechanisms in sepsis is lymphocyte apoptosis. The article describes the main activation pathway of this process including those in neonatal sepsis

Significance of polymorphism in 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase genes in HIV infection

© 2016, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved.The aim of the investigation was to assess the prognostic value of polymorphism of genes encoding 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) synthesis in HIV infection. Materials and Methods. The DNA of 94 HIV infected patients have been sequenced using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. For molecular genetic testing we used DNA samples isolated from the scraping of oral epithelial cells. We studied interferon-induced genes, namely: OAS enzyme. It was a case–control study. Depending on the decrease rate of CD4-lymphocytes, the patients were divided into two groups: with typical disease progression and those with slow progression. We determined the frequencies of mutant alleles and genotypes in patients with different progression rates, and assessed genotype associations with different outcomes. Results. There have been found oligonucleotide polymorphisms of OAS genes of different enzyme forms: OAS2 rs2072137 (chr12:113440921) and OAS3 rs1859330 (chr12:113376388). The frequency of mutant allele C of OAS2 rs2072137 polymorphism appeared to be significantly higher in a group with a typical disease progression (p=0.03). The frequency of mutant allele A of OAS3 rs1859330 polymorphism had no difference in the groups. In a group with mutant genotypes TC and CC of OAS2 rs2072137 polymorphism, the frequency of typical disease progression was significantly higher than that in the group with the main (“wild”) genotype TT (p=0.0125). Logistic regression revealed typical HIV infection progression in patients to be significantly associated with OAS2 rs2072137 polymorphism and age. Conclusion. OAS2 rs2072137 polymorphism is associated with typical progressive HIV infection, and, probably, presents a new genetic prognostic marker of the disease

ТЕРАПИЯ ОСТРЫХ КИШЕЧНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ. ДОКАЗАННАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

The paper focuses on questions of etiotropic, pa diarrhea in children. The recommendations are given with the basic principles of evidence-based medicine including summary data from randomized clinical trials and metaanalyses. The new lines of the treatment are discussed suchas the possibility of application of antiemetic, antidiarrheal, antisecretory, probiotic drugs in pediatric practice.В статье рассмотрены вопросы этиотропной, патогенетической и симптоматической терапии острых инфекционных диарей у детей. Рекомендации приведены с учетом основных принципов доказательной медицины, включающие суммарные данные рандомизированных клинических испытаний, мета-анализов. Обсуждены новые направления в лечении – возможность применения противорвотных, антидиарейных, антисекреторных, пробиотических препаратов в педиатрической практике

Inflammatory cytokines kinetics define the severity and phase of nephropathia epidemica

© 2014 Future Medicine Ltd. Aims: Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome associated with the Puumala virus species of Hantavirus. The pathogenesis of NE is not well understood; therefore, investigating the inflammatory cytokine response to infection may provide useful knowledge in deciphering the pathophysiology of NE. Materials & methods: Using Luminex and ELISA, we analyzed the serum of 137 NE cases and 44 controls to investigate if serum cytokines associate with different clinical presentations. Results: Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β are associated with disease severity while upregulation of IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL3 are associated with clinical presentation. Conclusion: Inflammatory cytokine kinetics associate with the severity and phase of NE. Our data support a role for inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of NE