Comportamento de ovoposição de fêmeas selvagens de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) privadas do hospedeiro Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)

The insects oviposition behavior is fundamental to study population dynamics, life history evolution, insect-plant and parasitoid-host interactions. Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) females oviposition behavior in the presence and absence of a host is unknown. The main objective of this study was to describe in detail the oviposition behavior of host deprived or non-deprived females, and observe how the several situations of deprivation (days without host) influence oviposition. Six groups were assembled, three deprived of the host (for 2, 5 and 8 days) and three control groups (with host), each containing one newly-emerged couple (0-24h) of wild Z. subfasciatus, The non-deprived (control) groups received the hosts every day (5 bean seeds Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)) and the others were deprived for 2, 5 and 8 days, respectively. For each group 12 repetitions were made. Consequently, 12 couples were host deprived during two days, 12 couples were host deprived during five days and 12 couples were host deprived during eight days. When the seeds of the deprived groups were added the experiments started. There was a control group for each deprived group. The experiments and the insects were maintained at constant temperature 29 ± 2ºC and 70-80% relative humidity. At 15 minutes interval, the number of times the females manifested the different categories of behavior was observed (frequency). The behavior categories were: rest inside the box, locomotion, resource exploration (seeds), copulation and oviposition. The deprived females stayed most of the time in contact with the host to carry out oviposition, while the non-deprived (control) females spent most of the time at rest. This was observed in all the deprivation times. The results show that host deprivation influences the oviposition behavior of the studied species and also shows the flexibility in the oviposition strategies that these females present when the environment changes (absence and presence of resources)O comportamento de oviposição de insetos é fundamental em pesquisas de dinâmica populacional, evolução da história de vida, interações inseto-planta e parasitóide-hospedeiro. O comportamento de oviposição de fêmeas de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) na presença e ausência de hospedeiro é desconhecido. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar de que modo as várias situações de privação temporária de hospedeiro influenciam a oviposição. Foram montados 6 grupos, sendo 3 privados de hospedeiro (por 2, 5 e 8 dias) e 3 controles (com hospedeiro), cada um contendo um casal recém-emergido (0-24 h) de Z. subfasciatus selvagem. Apenas os grupos controles receberam os hospedeiros todos os dias (5 sementes de feijão, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)); os demais ficaram sem o hospedeiro por 2, 5 e 8 dias, respectivamente. Para cada grupo, 12 repetições foram realizadas. Desta forma, 12 casais foram privados do hospedeiro por 2 dias, 12 casais foram privados do hospedeiro por 5 dias e 12 casais foram privados do hospedeiro por 8 dias. Quando as sementes dos feijões foram adicionadas nos grupos privados, as observações iniciavam. Havia um grupo controle para cada grupo privado. Os experimentos e os insetos foram mantidos a uma temperatura constante de 29 ± 2ºC e 70-80:% umidade relativa. A cada 15 minutos, foi observado o número de vezes que as fêmeas manifestavam as diferentes categorias de comportamento (frequência). As categorias de comportamento foram: repouso dentro da caixa, locomoção, exploração dos recursos (sementes), cópula e oviposição. As fêmeas privadas ficaram a maior parte do tempo em contato com o hospedeiro para realizar a oviposição, enquanto as controles ficaram a maior parte do tempo em repouso. Isto foi observado em todos os tempos de privação. Os resultados mostram que a privação de hospedeiro influencia o comportamento de oviposição da espécie estudada e também mostra a flexibilidade nas estratégias de oviposição que estas fêmeas apresentam quando o ambiente se altera (ausência e presença de recursos

Near-infrared observations of galaxies in Pisces-Perseus: I. H-band surface photometry of 174 spirals

We present near-infrared, H-band (1.65 um), surface photometry of 174 spiral galaxies in the area of the Pisces-Perseus supercluster. The images, acquired with the ARNICA camera mounted on various telescopes, are used to derive radial profiles of surface brightness, ellipticities, and position angles, together with global parameters such as H-band magnitudes and diameters. The mean relation between H-band isophotal diameter D_{21.5} and the B-band D_{25} implies a B-H color of the outer disk bluer than 3.5; moreover, D_{21.5}/D_{25} depends on (global) color and absolute luminosity. The correlations among the various photometric parameters suggest a ratio between isophotal radius D_{21.5}/2 and disk scale length of about 3.5 and a mean disk central brightness of 17.5 H-mag arcsec^{-2}. We confirm the trend of the concentration index C_{31} with absolute luminosity and, to a lesser degree, with morphological type. We also assess the influence of non-axisymmetric structures on the radial profiles and on the derived parameters.Comment: 10 pages, 11 postscript figures (one table and one figure are available only at the CDS); to be published on A&A

VIP: An Experiment to Search for a Violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle is a basic principle of Quantum Mechanics, and its validity has never been seriously challenged. However, given its fundamental standing, it is very important to check it as thoroughly as possible. Here we describe the VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment, an improved version of the Ramberg and Snow experiment (E. Ramberg and G. Snow, {\it Phys. Lett. B} {\bf 238}, 438 (1990)); VIP has just completed the installation at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory, and aims to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to $\beta^2/2 \approx 10^{-30} - 10^{-31}$. We report preliminary experimental results and briefly discuss some of the implications of a possible violation.Comment: Plenary talk presented by E. Milotti at Meson 2006, Cracow, 9-13 June 200

New experimental limit on the Pauli Exclusion Principle violation by electrons

The Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) is one of the basic principles of modern physics and, even if there are no compelling reasons to doubt its validity, it is still debated today because an intuitive, elementary explanation is still missing, and because of its unique stand among the basic symmetries of physics. The present paper reports a new limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, in a search for a shifted K$_\alpha$ line in copper: the presence of this line in the soft X-ray copper fluorescence would signal a transition to a ground state already occupied by 2 electrons. The obtained value, ${1/2} \beta^{2} \leq 4.5\times 10^{-28}$, improves the existing limit by almost two orders of magnitude.Comment: submitted to Phys. Lett.

New experimental limit on Pauli Exclusion Principle violation by electrons (the VIP experiment)

The Pauli Exclusion Principle is one of the basic principles of modern physics and is at the very basis of our understanding of matter: thus it is fundamental importance to test the limits of its validity. Here we present the VIP (Violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle) experiment, where we search for anomalous X-rays emitted by copper atoms in a conductor: any detection of these anomalous X-rays would mark a Pauli-forbidden transition. ] VIP is currently taking data at the Gran Sasso underground laboratories, and its scientific goal is to improve by at least four orders of magnitude the previous limit on the probability of Pauli violating transitions, bringing it into the 10**-29 - 10**-30 region. First experimental results, together with future plans, are presented.Comment: To appear in proceedings of the XLVI International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics, Bormio, Italy, January 20-26, 200

The VIP Experiment

The Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) is a basic principle of Quantum Mechanics, and its validity has never been seriously challenged. However, given its importance, it is very important to check it as thoroughly as possible. Here we describe the VIP (Violation of PEP) experiment, an improved version of the Ramberg and Snow experiment (Ramberg and Snow, Phys. Lett. B238 (1990) 438); VIP shall be performed at the Gran Sasso underground laboratories, and aims to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to $\frac{\beta^2}{2} \sim 10^{-30}$Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, PDF only, presented by Edoardo Milotti to the conference "Quantum Theory: reconsideration of foundations-3", Vaxjo (Sweden), June, 6-11 200

Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle for Electrons

One of the fundamental rules of nature and a pillar in the foundation of quantum theory and thus of modern physics is represented by the Pauli Exclusion Principle. We know that this principle is extremely well fulfilled due to many observations. Numerous experiments were performed to search for tiny violation of this rule in various systems. The experiment VIP at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory is searching for possible small violations of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons leading to forbidden X-ray transitions in copper atoms. VIP is aiming at a test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons with high accuracy, down to the level of 10$^{-29}$ - 10$^{-30}$, thus improving the previous limit by 3-4 orders of magnitude. The experimental method, results obtained so far and new developments within VIP2 (follow-up experiment at Gran Sasso, in preparation) to further increase the precision by 2 orders of magnitude will be presented.Comment: Proceedings DISCRETE 2012-Third Symposium on Prospects in the Physics of Discrete Symmetries, Lisbon, December 3-7, 201

Parables of Care. Creative Responses to Dementia Care, As Told by Carers

Parables of Care presents true stories of creative responses to dementia care, told by carers, taken from a group of over 100 case studies available at http://carenshare.city.ac.uk/. Creativity, emotional intelligence and common sense are amply shown in these 14 touching and informative stories. Drawn by Dr Simon Grennan with Christopher Sperandio. Edited and adapted by Dr Simon Grennan, Dr Ernesto Priego and Dr Peter Wilkins. Created with funding from City, University of London's MCSE School Impact Fund 2017, the University of Chester, UK and Douglas College, Vancouver, Canada

New experimental limit on Pauli Exclusion Principle violation by electrons (the VIP experiment)

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) represents one of the basic principles of modern physics and, even if there are no compelling reasons to doubt its validity, it still spurs a lively debate, because an intuitive, elementary explanation is still missing, and because of its unique stand among the basic symmetries of physics. A new limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons was estabilished by the VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) Collaboration, using the method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. The preliminary value, {1/2}\beta^{2} \textless 4.5\times 10^{-28}, represents an improvement of about two orders of magnitude of the previous limit. The goal of VIP is to push this limit at the level of $10^{-30}$.Comment: submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference Series, by the Institute of Physic

High sensitivity tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle with VIP2

The Pauli Exclusion Principle is one of the most fundamental rules of nature and represents a pillar of modern physics. According to many observations the Pauli Exclusion Principle must be extremely well fulfilled. Nevertheless, numerous experimental investigations were performed to search for a small violation of this principle. The VIP experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory searched for Pauli-forbidden X-ray transitions in copper atoms using the Ramberg-Snow method and obtained the best limit so far. The follow-up experiment VIP2 is designed to reach even higher sensitivity. It aims to improve the limit by VIP by orders of magnitude. The experimental method, comparison of different PEP tests based on different assumptions and the developments for VIP2 are presented.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings DISCRETE2014 Conferenc