1,264 research outputs found

    Skillful management of exodontia complication to prevent dreadful sequelae

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    Successful surgical treatments depend upon accurate diagnosis, judicious treatment planning, selection and execution of an appropriate surgical technique, and on a well monitored post-operative period. However, despite these precautions, extraction of teeth (particularly third molar) is exposed to the accidents and complications common to all buccomaxillary and facial interventions. A maxillary third molar may be displaced in maxillary sinus, nearby soft tissue, or may migrate in a superioposterior direction towards paraphyrangeal space, or infratemporal fossa. Dislocating the maxillary third molar in infratemporal fossa is one of the worst nightmare as this area has complex anatomy consisting of vital neurovascular tissues and complex fascial spaces. The extent of displacement depends upon anatomical conditions as well as direction and amount of force applied. Complication arises from error in judgment, improper use of instruments, the application of extreme force or failure to obtain full visualization before acting. Various researchers have given their opinion regarding immediate or delayed removal of tooth pushed in infratemporal fossa but almost all agree that each case should be weighed independently for risk and reward before attempting. Here we present a case in which intraoral approach was taken to retrieve the displaced tooth thus preventing potentially dreadful complications

    Molecular characterization of induced mutagenesis through gamma radiation using RAPD markers in Jatropha curcas L.

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    Genetic variability in Jatropha curcas was induced by different doses (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 kR) of gamma-rays. Gamma radiation induced earliness in flowering and the plants set flowers earlier than that of control, which took longer duration of 327 days for flowering. The improved reproductive and yield parameters such as days taken to first flowering, flowering population, male to female ratio and seed yield per plant were recorded in 25 kR dose and seed germination in 5 and 10 kR treated seeds. Molecular characterization of induced mutants (M1 generation) with 47 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers showed 65.27% polymorphism. The variability created by gamma rays ranged from 9 to 28%. The 50 kR mutant was found to be the most diverse from control followed by 25 kR mutant. Thus, this integrated approach can be used for carrying out the mutation-assisted breeding and subsequent selection of desired mutants using molecular markers in J. curcas.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), gamma-rays, induced mutagenesis

    ICT for Transfer of Technology in Livestock Management ICT FOR TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY IN LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT

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    ABSTRACT The dairy sector in India plays a pivotal role in upliftment of socio-economic and employment generation for rural households. India is the top milk producing nation in the world contributing about 15% to the global milk pool. In the ongoing decade (2000 onwards) the compound growth rate of milk production has been more than 3.5% per annum. The contribution of agriculture and allied sectors is about 14.20% of total GDP while livestock sector alone is contributing about 32% of agriculture. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the operational process, rural development, communication, just in time services plays the major roles in fulfilling the needs to achieve the productivity of their services and products. Hence, the only alternative to empower the villages is to use ICT tools to bridge the gaps in adoption of recommended new technologies. The ICTs include community radio and television, cellular-telephony, use of computing devices, digital imaging, the Internet and Wide Area Networking (WAN), Wi-Fi and Mixed Media. The use of ICT to contribute for sustainable growth in livestock production in India is not a matter of providing computers and Internet connectivity or computerization of livestock research and development institutions. Krishi Vigyan Kendra is very important base for transfer of technology from laboratory to farmers' field with respect to agricultural and allied subjects. The KVK model is aimed to provide timely and appropriate technical advice to the needed farmers on need basis. The modern information tools viz., mobile, lap-top and internet, agri-portal system through internet, market price information system through mobile phone are the key ICT based technologies delivered to the farmers and timely information/advices are communicating as per the need of the situation

    Combined effect of boron and salt on polypeptide resolutions in wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties differing in their tolerance

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    Salinity aggravates toxicity symptoms of boron in wheat. Four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties differing in tolerance to these stresses were subjected to five stress treatments [control (2.5 ppm B), 50 ppm B + 6 dS/m, 100 ppm B + 6 dS/m, 50 ppm B + 10 dS/m and 100 ppm B + 10 dS/m]. Higher reductions for root length, fresh and dry weight were observed in Schomburgk and HD 2009 varieties at 100 ppm B + 10 dS/m NaCl in comparison to KRL 35 and BTSchomburgk. Results indicated that combined boron and salt stresses significantly increased soluble B and proline concentrations in the roots. At the highest level of stress (100 ppm B + 10 dS/m), maximum proline accumulation was evident in HD 2009 (18.6 mg/g) and minimum in KRL 35 (13.5 mg/g). Protein profile expressions of boron tolerant and intolerant varieties of wheat showed de novo synthesis of two specific polypeptides (35.73 and 31.10 KDa) in boron tolerant variety and one (16.98 kDa) in boron intolerant variety. Likewise, KRL 35 (salt tolerant) showed 4 specific polypeptides of 89.13, 58.4, 46.21 and 31.10 kDa, whereas three specific polypeptides (24.05, 19.13 and 17.52 kDa) appeared in the salt intolerant variety (HD 2009). Appearance of 5 common polypeptides bands of MW 89.13, 53.4, 46.21. 31.10 and 25.12 kDa in both the tolerant varieties, i.e. BT-Schomburgk (boron tolerant) and KRL 35 (salt tolerant) is of special interest and could have possible use as markers for tolerance. The synthesis of common polypeptide of MW 25.12 kDa was observed in all the four varieties with increase in stress treatments

    Moonlighting cell-surface GAPDH recruits apotransferrin to effect iron egress from mammalian cells

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    Iron (Fe, Fe) homeostasis is a tightly regulated process, involving precise control of iron influx and egress from cells. Although the mechanisms of its import into cells by iron carrier molecules are well characterized, iron export remains poorly understood. The current paradigm envisages unique functions associated with specialized macromolecules for its cellular import (transferrin receptors) or export (ferroportin, also known as SLC40A1). Previous studies have revealed that iron-depleted cells recruit glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a multitasking, 'moonlighting' protein, to their surface for internalization of the iron carrier holotransferrin. Here, we report that under the converse condition of intracellular iron excess, cells switch the isoform of GAPDH on their surface to one that now recruits iron-free apotransferrin in close association with ferroportin to facilitate the efflux of iron. Increased expression of surface GAPDH correlated with increased apotransferrin binding and enhanced iron export from cells, a capability lost in GAPDH-knockdown cells. These findings were confirmed in vivo utilizing a rodent model of iron overload. Besides identifying for the first time an apotransferrin receptor, our work uncovers the two-way switching of multifunctional molecules to manage cellular micronutrient requirements

    Impact of magnetic field on the stability of the CMS GE1/1 GEM detector operation

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    The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors of the GE1/1 station of the CMS experiment have been operated in the CMS magnetic field for the first time on the 7th^{th} of October 2021. During the magnetic field ramps, several discharge phenomena were observed, leading to instability in the GEM High Voltage (HV) power system. In order to reproduce the behavior, it was decided to conduct a dedicated test at the CERN North Area with the Goliath magnet, using four GE1/1 spare chambers. The test consisted in studying the characteristics of discharge events that occurred in different detector configurations and external conditions. Multiple magnetic field ramps were performed in sequence: patterns in the evolution of the discharge rates were observed with these data. The goal of this test is the understanding of the experimental conditions inducing discharges and short circuits in a GEM foil. The results of this test lead to the development of procedure for the optimal operation and performance of GEM detectors in the CMS experiment during the magnet ramps. Another important result is the estimation of the probability of short circuit generation, at 68 % confidence level, pshort_{short}HV^{HV} OFF^{OFF} = 0.42−0.35+0.94^{-0.35+0.94}% with detector HV OFF and pshort_{short}HV^{HV} OFF^{OFF} < 0.49% with the HV ON. These numbers are specific for the detectors used during this test, but they provide a first quantitative indication on the phenomenon, and a point of comparison for future studies adopting the same procedure

    Benchmarking LHC background particle simulation with the CMS triple-GEM detector

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    In 2018, a system of large-size triple-GEM demonstrator chambers was installed in the CMS experiment at CERN\u27s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The demonstrator\u27s design mimicks that of the final detector, installed for Run-3. A successful Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the collision-induced background hit rate in this system in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV is presented. The MC predictions are compared to CMS measurements recorded at an instantaneous luminosity of 1.5 ×1034^{34} cm−2^{-2} s−1^{-1}. The simulation framework uses a combination of the FLUKA and GEANT4 packages. FLUKA simulates the radiation environment around the GE1/1 chambers. The particle flux by FLUKA covers energy spectra ranging from 10−11^{-11} to 104^{4} MeV for neutrons, 10−3^{-3} to 104^{4} MeV for Îł\u27s, 10−2^{-2} to 104^{4} MeV for e±^{±}, and 10−1^{-1} to 104^{4} MeV for charged hadrons. GEANT4 provides an estimate of the detector response (sensitivity) based on an accurate description of the detector geometry, the material composition, and the interaction of particles with the detector layers. The detector hit rate, as obtained from the simulation using FLUKA and GEANT4, is estimated as a function of the perpendicular distance from the beam line and agrees with data within the assigned uncertainties in the range 13.7-14.5%. This simulation framework can be used to obtain a reliable estimate of the background rates expected at the High Luminosity LHC

    Modeling the triple-GEM detector response to background particles for the CMS Experiment

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    An estimate of environmental background hit rate on triple-GEM chambers is performed using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and compared to data taken by test chambers installed in the CMS experiment (GE1/1) during Run-2 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The hit rate is measured using data collected with proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV and a luminosity of 1.5×1034\times10^{34} cm−2^{-2} s−1^{-1}. The simulation framework uses a combination of the FLUKA and Geant4 packages to obtain the hit rate. FLUKA provides the radiation environment around the GE1/1 chambers, which is comprised of the particle flux with momentum direction and energy spectra ranging from 10−1110^{-11} to 10410^{4} MeV for neutrons, 10−310^{-3} to 10410^{4} MeV for Îł\gamma's, 10−210^{-2} to 10410^{4} MeV for e±e^{\pm}, and 10−110^{-1} to 10410^{4} MeV for charged hadrons. Geant4 provides an estimate of detector response (sensitivity) based on an accurate description of detector geometry, material composition and interaction of particles with the various detector layers. The MC simulated hit rate is estimated as a function of the perpendicular distance from the beam line and agrees with data within the assigned uncertainties of 10-14.5%. This simulation framework can be used to obtain a reliable estimate of background rates expected at the High Luminosity LHC.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 6 table

    Measurement of Energy Correlators inside Jets and Determination of the Strong Coupling Formula Presented

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    Energy correlators that describe energy-weighted distances between two or three particles in a hadronic jet are measured using an event sample of s\sqrt{s}=13 TeV proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 fb−1^{−1}. The measured distributions are consistent with the trends in the simulation that reveal two key features of the strong interaction: confinement and asymptotic freedom. By comparing the ratio of the measured three- and two-particle energy correlator distributions with theoretical calculations that resum collinear emissions at approximate next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy matched to a next-to-leading-order calculation, the strong coupling is determined at the Z boson mass: αS_S (mZ_Z)=0.1229 0.0040−0.0050\frac{0.0040}{-0.0050} , the most precise αS_SmZ_Z value obtained using jet substructure observable
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