EVALUATION OF HEAT TRANSFER RATE AND THEIR EFFECTS IN SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSELS SUBJECTED TO INTERNAL PRESSURE

This paper investigates the various stresses in a spherical pressure vessel which are subjected to pressure. By determining the strains and stress concentration in a vessel, overall performance of the system can be improved with the selection of suitable material. Thermal analysis is carried out to determine the deformations at various points. An improvement in the performance is achieved by using the computational analysis software ANSYS CFX and the comparative tool DOT NET software. By considering various materials, variation in the dimensions, stresses, strains and heat transfer within the system are discusse

Bidirectional Parallel Capacitive Data Links: Modeling and Experimental Results

We present, in this paper, a bidirectional capacitive data link. Enhancement of the spatial pulse position modulation used on the downlink is introduced, and a load-shift keying modulation is implemented for the uplink. Different grounds on the transmitter and the receiver are discussed, and a compatible solution is proposed. A human skin electrical model is extracted using the agilent impedance analyzer 4294A while doing in vivo measurements on cheek skin and then applying curve fitting to the data between 2 and 20 MHz. Multiple geometries for the link are analyzed, and a 5-mm × 5-mm plate size is used for the design of the transceiver. The signal-to-noise ratio along with the capacity of the channel is analyzed theoretically while computing the limits for the downlink and the valid operating frequency to highlight the core parameters that affect the crosstalk interference between channels. The tradeoff in using the uplink on the same channel as the downlink is also discussed and analyzed. The operating frequency is 10 MHz, a bit-rate of 20 Mb/s is demonstrated on the uplink, and 10 Mb/s is demonstrated on the downlink. An in vivo human skin model for a 5-mm × 5-mm plate size with 21.2-mm separation is extracted, and the capacity's equation of the channel is computed using the equations for the analysis of the system.This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Canada Research Chair in Smart Medical Devices and the design tools from CMC Microsystems.Scopu

Integrated multi‑omics analysis of ovarian cancer using variational autoencoders

Cancer is a complex disease that deregulates cellular functions at various molecular levels (e.g., DNA, RNA, and proteins). Integrated multi‑omics analysis of data from these levels is necessary to understand the aberrant cellular functions accountable for cancer and its development. In recent years, Deep Learning (DL) approaches have become a useful tool in integrated multi‑omics analysis of cancer data. However, high dimensional multi‑omics data are generally imbalanced with too many molecular features and relatively few patient samples. This imbalance makes a DL based integrated multi‑omics analysis difficult. DL‑based dimensionality reduction technique, including variational autoencoder (VAE), is a potential solution to balance high dimensional multi‑omics data. However, there are few VAE‑based integrated multi‑omics analyses, and they are limited to pancancer. In this work, we did an integrated multi‑omics analysis of ovarian cancer using the compressed features learned through VAE and an improved version of VAE, namely Maximum Mean Discrepancy VAE (MMD‑VAE). First, we designed and developed a DL architecture for VAE and MMD‑VAE. Then we used the architecture for mono‑omics, integrated di‑omics and tri‑omics data analysis of ovarian cancer through cancer samples identification, molecular subtypes clustering and classification, and survival analysis. The results show that MMD‑VAE and VAE‑based compressed features can respectively classify the transcriptional subtypes of the TCGA datasets with an accuracy in the range of 93.2‑95.5% and 87.1‑95.7%. Also, survival analysis results show that VAE and MMD‑VAE based compressed representation of omics data can be used in cancer prognosis. Based on the results, we can conclude that (i) VAE and MMD‑VAE outperform existing dimensionality reduction techniques, (ii) integrated multi‑omics analyses perform better or similar compared to their mono‑omics counterparts, and (iii) MMD‑VAE performs better than VAE in most omics dataset

Immediate vaginal reconstruction following pelvic exenteration using the pedicled vertical Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) flap: A technical note

La reconstruction vaginale immédiate est généralement réalisée à la suite d'une exentération pelvienne pour cancer du col de l'utérus, en cas de récidive (après radiothérapie) ou de fistules radiques sévères. Le prélèvement des lambeaux sur des vaisseaux perforants, tels que le lambeau perforant basé sur le pédicule épigastrique inférieur (DIEP), permet d'obtenir des tissus viables pour la reconstruction vaginale et est associé à une réduction de la morbidité du site donneur. Ce rapport décrit la technique chirurgicale, qui est l'une des procédures de choix pour la reconstruction vaginale. Il s'agit d'une technique fiable et avantageuse, en particulier chez les femmes pour qui il ne restait plus que l'option de l'exentération en cas d’échec de l'irradiation

Earnings management and audit quality:stakeholders’ perceptions

This paper examines the perceptions of Libyan Commercial Banks’ (LCBs) stakeholders regarding the role of the external auditor in relation to earnings management (EM). A total of 28 semi-structured interviews were carried out with a range of LCB stakeholders comprising preparers of financial statements, users, regulators and academics. A questionnaire survey of stakeholders which yielded 102 Responses (response rate 53%) was also carried out. A variety of views were held which varied to some extent according to stakeholder group. A widely held perception amongst interviewees was that the auditor has the ability to detect EM practices but may not be able to prevent it. However questionnaire respondents were, in aggregate, more confident of the auditor’s ability to deter EM due to the influence of the audit report. The paper provides insights into stakeholders’ perceptions of the quality of bank audits. The findings are of particular relevance to regulators, and specifically, the Central Bank of Libya. Perceptions of audit quality raise questions about its guidance and regulations especially in connection with audit firm rotation. Perceptions of audit quality, and therefore, of the credibility of financial statements should be of interest to all stakeholders. The importance of the banking sector for society has been amply demonstrated in recent years. A well-functioning audit function is a key component of its regulation. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to examine issues related to banks’ audit quality and audit firm rotation in Libya

FENDL: A library for fusion research and applications

The Fusion Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (FENDL) is a comprehensive and validated collection of nuclear cross section data coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Nuclear Data Section (NDS). FENDL assembles the best nuclear data for fusion applications selected from available nuclear data libraries and has been under development for decades. FENDL contains sub-libraries for incident neutron, proton, and deuteron cross sections including general purpose and activation files used for particle transport and nuclide inventory calculations. We describe the history, selection of evaluations for the various sub-libraries (neutron, proton, deuteron) with the focus on transport and reactor dosimetry applications, the processing of the nuclear data for application codes, and the development of the TENDL-2017 library which is the currently recommended activation library for FENDL. We briefly describe the IAEA IRDFF library as the recommended library for dosimetry fusion applications. We also present work on validation of the neutron sub-library using a variety of fusion relevant computational and experimental benchmarks. A variety of cross section libraries are used for the validation work including FENDL-2.1, FENDL-3.1d, FENDL-3.2, ENDF/B-VIII.0, and JEFF-3.2 with the emphasis on the FENDL libraries. The results of the experimental validation showed that the performance of FENDL-3.2b is at least as good and in most cases better than FENDL-2.1. Future work will consider improved evaluations developed by the International Nuclear Data Evaluation Network (INDEN). Additional work will be needed to investigate differences in gas production in structural materials. Covariance matrices need to be updated to support the development of fusion technology. Additional validation work for high-energy neutrons, protons and deuterons, and the activation library will be needed.Comment: 81 pages, 114 figure

Role of random biopsies in surveillance of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis patients with high risk of colorectal cancer

Background/AimsRecent data suggest that the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) related colorectal cancer (CRC) in India is similar to that of West. The optimum method for surveillance is still a debate. Surveillance with random biopsies has been the standard of care, but is a tedious process. We therefore undertook this study to assess the yield of random biopsy in dysplasia surveillance.MethodsBetween March 2014 and July 2015, patients of UC attending the Inflammatory Bowel Disease clinic at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences with high risk factors for CRC like duration of disease >15 years and pancolitis, family history of CRC, primary sclerosing cholangitis underwent surveillance colonoscopy for dysplasia. Four quadrant random biopsies at 10 cm intervals were taken (33 biopsies). Two pathologists examined specimens for dysplasia, and the yield of dysplasia was calculated.ResultsTwenty-eight patients were included. Twenty-six of these had pancolitis with a duration of disease greater than 15 years, and two patients had associated primary sclerosing cholangis. No patient had a family history of CRC. The mean age at onset of disease was 28.89±8.73 years and the duration of disease was 19.00±8.78 years. Eighteen patients (64.28%) were males. A total of 924 biopsies were taken. None of the biopsies revealed any evidence of dysplasia, and 7/924 (0.7%) were indefinite for dysplasia.ConclusionsRandom biopsy for surveillance in longstanding extensive colitis has a low yield for dysplasia and does not suffice for screening. Newer techniques such as chromoendoscopy-guided biopsies need greater adoption