STATE AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE GERMAN MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

The development of the defense industry in Western Europe is of particular interest to political-academic research. This area has become especially relevant in the context of the escalation of the European security crisis in the spring of 2022. The study of the country’s defense industrial complex allows us to analyze the goals and objectives that are currently faced by the German political and military leadership. Procurement and R&D are a key focus of the study. The tasks set before the German DIC indicate the new plans of the country’s politico-military leadership for the development of the Bundeswehr. Their analysis may make it possible to predict the future development of the military-industrial complex. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the German DIC. The hypothesis of the study is that the country’s military industry has many attributes indicating the country’s leadership in the organization of military-industrial cooperation between allies and partners, collective military and security policy in Europe. This article is a structured analysis of the development of the German DIC and is intended to fill the lack of information regarding future scenarios for the development of the German DIC

Decision support system for the expert assessment of social risks

The study is devoted to the development of decision support systems in the expert assessment of social risk

Algorithm for individual learning content formation in automated machine learning system

The study describes the algorithms used in the formation of individual learning content which can be used in machine learning. The algorithm for generating educational content based on the input test procedure, thereby reducing the number of elementary units of knowledge in the educational conten

System analysis of properties of coatings and indicators of the process of plasma and electrolytic oxidations quality

The article is devoted to solution of the problem of systematization of the parameters for the model that associate the properties of the obtained coatings with the qualitative properties of coatings on the basis of the method of plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of valve metals. Nowadays for the synthesis of the required parameters of technological processing regimes (electrical regimes, concentrations of the components of the electrolyte) in the process of coatings’ forming various measured parameters of the coating are use

HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERIZATION AND DEEP LEARNING MODEL RANDOM FOREST OF BANKS’ STABILITY UNDER RISK CONDITIONS

Certain theoretical aspects of the stability of Russian banks under risk conditions have been studied. The relevance is due to the fact that in conditions of market uncertainty and risk, approaches to ensure the stability of banks using artificial intelligence are increasingly being used. The goal is to identify patterns between the characteristics of Assets and ROA (Return on Assets), an indicator of return on assets, and obtain a forecast value of Sberbank’s net profit. The result of the study was hierarchical clustering, as well as the generated Deep Learning model Random Forest, which calculated the predicted value of the Sberbank’s net profit. The novelty lies in the fact that the work puts forward and proves the hypothesis that using the Random Forest Deep learning model, a forecast of the net profit of commercial banks can be obtained, which predetermines the stability and dynamics of their development. The conclusions from the study boil down to the fact that a Deep Learning model Random Forest was developed to forecast the amount of net profit, which for Sberbank for 2023 amounted to 38,631 billion rubles, which coincided with its actual value. The area of application of the results obtained is commercial banks

Plasticity of an extra-strong nanocrystalline stainless steel controlled by the "dislocation-segregation'' interaction

We study three structurally different states of nanocrystalline 316 steel and show that the state, where boundaries containing excess concentration of alloying elements are combined with mobile dislocations in grain interiors, allows maintaining extraordinarily high strength and remarkably enhanced plasticity. Underlying mechanisms featuring interaction between the segregations and mobile dislocations are discussed

Значимость математического моделирования работы крупных насосных станций

The article presents main design and structure principles of pumping stations. It specifies basic requirements for the favorable hydraulic operation conditions of the pumping units. The article also describes the designing cases, when computational modeling is necessary to analyse activity of pumping station and provide its reliable operation. A specific example of the large pumping station with submersible pumps describes the process of computational modeling of its operation. As the object of simulation was selected the underground pumping station with a diameter of 26 m and a depth of 13 m, divided into two independent branches, equipped with 8 submersible pumps. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the design solution by CFD methods, to analyze the design of the inlet chamber, to identify possible difficulties with the operation of the facility. In details are described the structure of the considered pumping station and applied computational models of physical processes. The article gives the detailed formulation of the task of simulation and the methods of its solving and presents the initial and boundary conditions. It describes the basic operation modes of the pumping station. The obtained results were presented as the flow patterns for each operation mode with detailed explanations. Data obtained as a result of CFD, prove the correctness of the general design solutions of the project. The submersible pump operation at the minimum water level was verified, was confirmed a lack of vortex formation as well as were proposed measures to improve the operating conditions of the facility. In the inlet chamber there are shown the stagnant zones, requiring separate schedule of cleaning. The measure against floating debris and foam was proposed. It justifies the use of computational modeling (CFD) for the verifying and adjusting of the projects of large pumping stations as a much more precise tool that takes into account all the features of the object compared to the empirical formulas.Приводится современный подход к проектированию крупных насосных станций. Описывается конструктивное оформление заглубленной станции диаметром 26 метров, глубиной 13 метров, с погружными насосными агрегатами. Представлены результаты гидродинамического моделирования (CFD) конкретного объекта. Проводится анализ разработанной проектом приемной камеры с целью определения возможных проблем при эксплуатации насосной станции и предлагаются меры для улучшения условий ее работы. Приведено сравнение расчета минимальных уровней воды в насосных станциях по эмпирическим зависимостям и с помощью метода вычислительной гидродинамики. Обосновано применение гидродинамического моделирования для проверки и корректировки проектов крупных насосных станций как значительно более точного инструмента по сравнению с эмпирическими формулами, учитывающего все особенности объекта. DOI: 10.7463/aplts.0415.081236

Анализ, прогнозирование и управление ударным воздействием на объект подъема при переключении ступеней гидроцилиндра

The paper considers a problem of dynamic impact of hoisting mechanisms, which are based on the multistage hydro-cylinders, on the hoisted object. Hydro-cylinders have high specific characteristics, but there are also some drawbacks. One of them is an impact at the beginning and at the end of hoist and in switching the stages. And in case of switching the stages under certain conditions the impact in nature can be a high impact impulse. The paper explores the impacts at the beginning of hoist and when switching the stages.Numerical modeling is assumed to be a method of study. To build a mathematical model the following factors have been considered: geometrical cylinder parameters, hydraulic liquid compressibility, and friction between cylinder elements. Elasticity of ground, elasticity of rod, and elasticity of cylinder walls have been ignored.The modeling results allowed us to reveal a hydraulic nature of the stage-switching impact, introduce a formula to estimate the impact impulse value, show the friction effect on the impact impulse value and give a proposal to use a counter-pressure chamber to eliminate the stage-switching impact. An expression for the optimal counter-pressure is presented.The results obtained can find application in designing the new and upgrading the existing hoisting multistage hydro-cylinder mechanisms to increase a hoisting speed and simultaneously eliminate the impact on hoisted object.Compared to existing papers in the field concerned, this one concentrates on revealing a specific hydraulic nature of the stage-switching impact, without regard to dynamics and elasticity of the hoisting mechanism parts other than the cylinder itself.The achieved results find confirmation when compared to the numerical and field data published by other authors.В работе рассматривается проблема динамического воздействия на поднимаемый груз подъемных механизмов на основе многоступенчатых гидроцилиндров. Гидроцилиндры отличаются высокими удельными характеристиками, однако обладают и недостатками. Один из них – воздействие на поднимаемый груз в начале, в конце подъема и при переключении ступеней, причем при переключении ступеней воздействие при определенных условиях может носить характер удара с высоким ударным импульсом. В данной работе исследуются воздействия в начале подъема и при переключении ступеней.В качестве метода исследования принято численное моделирование. В число взятых в рассмотрение при построении математической  модели факторов включены геометрические параметры гидроцилиндра, сжимаемость жидкости, трение между элементами. Упругость грунта, упругость штока, упругость стенок цилиндра не приняты во внимание.В результате моделирования выявлена природа удара при переключении ступеней, предложена формула для оценки величины ударного импульса, выявлено влияние трения на величину ударного импульса, предложено использовать камеру противодавления для исключения ударного воздействия при переключении ступеней, приведено выражение для оптимальной величины противодавления.Полученные результаты могут найти применение при проектировании новых и модернизации существующих подъемных механизмов на основе многоступенчатых гидроцилиндров при задаче увеличения скорости подъема при одновременном устранении ударных воздействий на поднимаемый объект.В сравнении с подобными работами в данном исследовании ставилась задача выявить именно гидравлическую природу удара при переключении ступеней, без учета динамики и упругости иных, кроме гидроцилиндра, элементов подъемного механизма.Полученные результаты находят подтверждение в сравнении с результатами числового и натурного моделирования, опубликованными другими авторами