2,176 research outputs found
catalysis
The development of model catalyst systems for heterogeneous catalysis going
beyond the metal single crystal approach, including phenomena involving the
limited size of metal nanoparticles supported on oxide surfaces, as well as
the electronic interaction through the oxide–metal interface, is exemplified
on the basis of two case studies from the laboratory of the authors. In the
first case study the reactivity of supported Pd nanoparticles is studied in
comparison with Pd single crystals. The influence of carbon contaminants on
the hydrogenation reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons is discussed. Carbon
contaminants are identified as a key parameter in those reactions as they
control the surface and sub-surface concentration of hydrogen on and in the
particles. In the second case study, scanning probe techniques are used to
determine electronic and structural properties of supported Au particles as a
function of the number of Au atoms in the particle. It is demonstrated how
charge transfer between the support and the particle determines the shape of
nanoparticles and a concept is developed that uses charge transfer control
through dopants in the support to understand and design catalytically active
materials
Word frequency in fast priming: Evidence for immediate cognitive control of eye movements during reading
Numerous studies have demonstrated effects of word frequency on eye movements during reading, but the precise timing of this influence has remained unclear. The fast priming paradigm (Sereno & Rayner, 1992) was previously used to study influences of related versus unrelated primes on the target word. Here, we used this procedure to investigate whether the frequency of the prime word has a direct influence on eye movements during reading when the prime-target relation is not manipulated. We found that with average prime intervals of 32 ms readers made longer single fixation durations on the target word in the low than in the high frequency prime condition. Distributional analyses demonstrated that the effect of prime frequency on single fixation durations occurred very early, supporting theories of immediate cognitive control of eye movements. Finding prime frequency effects only 207 ms after visibility of the prime and for prime durations of 32 ms yields new time constraints for cognitive processes controlling eye movements during reading. Our variant of the fast priming paradigm provides a new approach to test early influences of word processing on eye movement control during reading
The politics of international redistribution: Explaining public support for fiscal transfers in the EU
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.As a consequence of the Eurozone crisis and the creation of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), the prospect of a transfer union has become a particularly contested aspect of European integration. How should one understand the public backlash against fiscal transfers? And, what explains voter preferences for international transfers more generally? Using data from the 2014 European Elections Study (EES), this article describes the first cross-national analysis of voters’ preferences on international transfers. The analysis reveals a strong association between voters’ non-economic cultural orientations (i.e., their cosmopolitanism) and their position on transfers. At the same time, it is found that voters’ economic left-right orientations are crucial for a fuller understanding of the public conflict over transfers. This counters previous research that finds economic left-right orientations to be of little explanatory value. This study demonstrates that the association between economic left-right orientations and preferences for international transfers is conditional on a person's social class. Among citizens in a high-income class an economically left-leaning position is associated with support for transfers, whereas it is associated with opposition to transfers among citizens in a low-income class
Challenging assumptions of the enlargement literature : the impact of the EU on human and minority rights in Macedonia
This article argues that from the very start of the transition process in Macedonia, a fusion of concerns about security and democratisation locked local nationalist elites and international organisations intoa political dynamic that prioritised security over democratisation. This dynamic resulted in little progress in the implementation of human and minority rights until 2009, despite heavy EU involvement in Macedonia after the internal warfare of 2001. The effects of this informally institutionalised relationship have been overlooked by scholarship on EU enlargement towards Eastern Europe, which has made generalisations based on assumptions relevant to the democratisation of countries in Eastern Europe, but not the Western Balkans
Photon air showers at ultra-high energy and the photonuclear cross-section
Experimental conclusions from air shower observations on cosmic-ray photons
above 10^19 eV are based on the comparison to detailed shower simulations. For
the calculations, the photonuclear cross-section needs to be extrapolated over
several orders of magnitude in energy. The uncertainty from the cross-section
extrapolation translates into an uncertainty of the predicted shower features
for primary photons and, thus, into uncertainties for a possible data
interpretation. After briefly reviewing the current status of ultra-high energy
photon studies, the impact of the uncertainty of the photonuclear cross-section
for shower calculations is investigated. Estimates for the uncertainties in the
main shower observables are provided. Photon discrimination is shown to be
possible even for rapidly rising cross-sections. When photon-initiated showers
are identified, it is argued that the sensitivity of photon shower observables
to the photonuclear cross-section can in turn be exploited to constrain the
cross-section at energies not accessible at colliders.Comment: Based on a talk presented at the international conference "From
Colliders to Cosmic Rays", Prague, September 7-13 (2005
Совершенствование бизнес-процессов организации
Объектом исследования является ООО "СОФИТ". Предмет исследования-бизнес-процессы компании.
Цель работы: проанализировать бизнес-процессы организации и предложить практические методы их совершенствования.
В процессе исследования проводились сравнительный анализ и анализ по показателям результативности.
В результате исследования были предложены мероприятия по совершенствованию текущих бизнес-процессов.The object of the research is LLC "SOFIT". The subject of the research are company's business processes.
The purpose of the work is to analyse the business processes of the organisation and to offer practical methods to improve it.
In the course of the study, a comparative analysis and an analysis of performance indicators were carried out.
As a result of the study, measures were proposed to improve current business processes
Effects of stress-dose hydrocortisone therapy in septic shock (part II): soluble E-selectin and interleukin-6. Preliminary results of a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study
Effects of stress-dose hydrocortisone therapy in septic shock (part III): monocyte HLA-DR expression and blood interferon-? concentration. Preliminary results of a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study
Effects of hydrocortisone stress-dose therapy in septic shock (part I): influence on hemodynamic stability and plasma nitrite/nitrate levels
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