I – V characterization of vacuum deposited zinc selenide – silicon hetero junction

841-846Zinc selenide (ZnSe) thin films were grown on silicon (Si) wafer by thermal evaporation and the hetero-structure was subjected to annealing at various temperatures. X-ray diffractogram recorded for various samples were analysed to extract the structural information including crystallite size, strain and dislocation density. ZnSe films exhibited cubic structure with (111) orientation and the crystallite size has increased from about 21 nm to 43 nm upon annealing at 673 K. Annealing at temperature above this has degraded the films. I – V characterization has shown nonlinear relation and affected by post deposition annealing. Thermionic emission and Cheung models were applied to obtain various parameters that assess the performance of hetero-structured devices. Minimum ideality factor was observed (n = 1.75 from Cheung Model) for as deposited system and it increased after annealing. Analysis has proven that series resistance increases after annealing under air ambience

SVPWM based double loop control method of a three phase inverter for Microgrid Application

Many AC Microgrids required an inverter for converting power from DC to AC. Many control techniques are available and need a flexible control method which can able to regulate both the voltage at DC and AC side. The DQ method is developed in this paper by incorporated with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique. A distribution generator (DG) is considered in this paper for connecting to utility grid through an inverter controlled by proposed double loop control technique. One voltage controlled loop and one current controlled loop are used in proposed control method to regulate both voltage and current. This paper showcases comprehensive findings using MATLAB/Simulink

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FENOVERINE FLOATING TABLETS

Objective: The purpose of this research was to develop a fenoverine gastroretentive drug delivery system which, following oral administration should have the ability to enhance and prolong the period of gastric residence time (GRD) with the desired in vitro release profile. Methods: In the present study, fenoverine floating tablets were prepared using an effervescent method using sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as a gas-generating agent. The tablets were formulated using direct compression technology using xanthan gum and sodium alginate as polymers. Pre-compression powders were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, and Hausner’s ratio, and the prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability, drug content, floating lag time, total floating time, and in vitro dissolution studies. The formulations were optimized for the different concentrations of xanthan gum, sodium alginate, and their combinations. Results: All the prepared formulations showed well in vitro buoyancy. The tablets remained buoyant for 6–12 h. The in vitro drug-release pattern of fenoverine floating tablets was adapted to different kinetic models with the highest regression to zero-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas, and the mechanism was found to be a Fickian mechanism. Conclusion: Out of all the formulations prepared, in vitro dissolution studies of the F4 formulation were found to be maximum than other batches, which exhibited desired sustained release time followed by acceptable floating properties

Detachable Smart Blind Stick

As the customer requirements for portable devices increasing, there are tremendous innovations emerging in the electronic industry. In this regard several smart sticks entered the market to assist the visually impaired in navigation. They primarily use a stick as a mobility aid allowing them to detect close by obstacles on the ground. Sometimes they may fail to detect or hit obstacles like objects, stairs, or persons. Use of smart sticks which is a portable device can be the solutions to avoid such instances. Though several smart sticks are available, there are some drawbacks. There is a scope for improvement in the parameters like reliability, utility and cost effectiveness. The smart stick is basically an embedded system integrating the sensors, microcontroller and buzzer. A pair of sensor to detect obstacles in front of the blind in the range of 70 cm ahead from ground level to mid-way height of the stick. The real time data from the sensor is applied to the microcontroller for processing. After processing, the microcontroller invokes the buzzer. A detachable unit which acts to augment the functionality of the existing cane or stick is proposed. This aims at alerting the visually challenged people about the obstacles in advance, Also helping them to be independent regarding mobility and navigation

Antibacterial Activity of Neem Extract and its Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Azadirachta indica, generally called as neem, margosa or Indian lilac is an Indian subcontinent native species, it ie well known for its various bioactivity In this study, neem leaves were collected and extracted. The extract was subjected for TLC and antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract was subjected for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and it was able to reduce silver to silver nanoparticle of size around 65nm. The silver nanoparticle was also exhibiting antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Blood Donation among Urban Slums Dwellers – A Cross Sectional Study

Background: It has been estimated that more than half of the donations are paid in developing countries like India. People do not know about the organizations engaged in voluntary blood donation. They are afraid about the blood donation. They have wrong concepts about the blood donations. Objective: To study Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Blood Donation among Urban Slums Dwellers Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out at an Urban slum area, Shapur, Hyderabad for 4 months among 210 people. Data was collected using a predesigned , Pretested and structured questionnaire Results: About half-half subjects were aware and not aware of their blood groups. Half of the subjects did not know their own blood group. Majority of the subjects i.e. 88.1% were aware that there is a phenomenon called blood donation and what is it. 17.6% of the subjects were aware that HIV test should be performed on the donated blood before it is given to the needed person. Only 2.4% knew about the malaria test. Overall 20.9% told about the other test names which are routinely done on the donated blood. But majority i.e. 59.1% did not know that any test should be performed on the donated blood. Majority i.e. 72.4% of the subjects were not aware about the knowledge on duration between each blood donation. The maximum subjects donated the blood only once contributing to 50%. The maximum subjects donated blood to their friends contributing to 38.46% and 31% of the subjects donated to their relatives. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitudes related to blood donation was poor among the slum dwellers. Only 12.4% had donated blood but voluntary blood donation rate was very poor