Effect of Different Dates of Dry Seeding and Staggered Nursery Sowing on Growth and Yield of Kharif Rice

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different dates of dry seeding and staggered nursery sowing on growth and yield of Kharif rice. The experiment was based on the difficulties faced by the farmers in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh and those who depend on canal irrigation and are located at the tail end areas. The experimental results have showed no difference among the methods of stand establishment in terms of yield. However, among the dates of sowing the delay in sowing beyond 30th July significantly reduced the grain yield and returns per rupee invested. It has been concluded that the rice crop may be established either by direct seeding or by transplanting nurseries but the sowing of the respective cultures should be done by the end of July for obtaining maximum yield and profits

Effect of Different Dates of Dry Seeding and Staggered Nursery Sowing on Growth and Yield of Kharif Rice

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different dates of dry seeding and staggered nursery sowing on growth and yield of Kharif rice. The experiment was based on the difficulties faced by the farmers in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh and those who depend on canal irrigation and are located at the tail end areas. The experimental results have showed no difference among the methods of stand establishment in terms of yield. However, among the dates of sowing the delay in sowing beyond 30th July significantly reduced the grain yield and returns per rupee invested. It has been concluded that the rice crop may be established either by direct seeding or by transplanting nurseries but the sowing of the respective cultures should be done by the end of July for obtaining maximum yield and profits

Simulation Results of Double Forward Converter

This work aims to find a better forward converter for DC to DC conversion.Simulation of double forward converter in SMPS system is discussed in this paper. Aforward converter with RCD snubber to synchronous rectifier and/or to current doubleris also discussed. The evolution of the forward converter is first reviewed in a tutorialfashion. Performance parameters are discussed including operating principle, voltageconversion ratio, efficiency, device stress, small-signal dynamics, noise and EMI. Itscircuit operation and its performance characteristics of the forward converter with RCDsnubber and double forward converter are described and the simulation results arepresented

A review of antibiotic synergy in carbapenemase-producing bacteria

The problem of antibiotic resistance has garnered too much attention over the last few decades for posing a global hazard to the clinical handling and the inhibition of several deadly infections caused by bacteria. It burdens the world not only clinically but also economically... Antibiotic agents known as carbapenems are a very effective and  typically designated for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. To identify a suitable antibiotic combination to be used in vivo, one must be able to determine the synergism between the antibiotics in vitro. Several methods, such as the checkerboard method, multiple-combination bactericidal test, time-kill and E-test, have been used for this purpose. However, the lack of proper standardization procedures, types of bacterial agents, bacterial load, stage of infection and other factors make it very difficult to reproduce or correlate the results with other methods.Carbapenem-destroying lactases, which have recently emerged as mechanisms of resistance, are increasing in number and decreasing the treatment alternatives available. These infections are treated with colistin and tigecycline, but monotherapy may result in clinical breakdown because of a variety of factors. To control these infections, clinicians often choose combinations of drugs over monotherapy. There is an extreme lack of information on synergistic antibiotic combinations accounting for the diverse mechanisms of GNB resistance commonly encountered. The incidence of carbapenem-resistant GNB in Indian articles is also unknown. Therefore, we anticipate that this study may provide methodology for the selection of an appropriate antibiotic combination

Efficacy of ultrasound guided single level thoracic paravertebral block for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomized controlled study

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common surgical method used for the treatment of renal calculi. Post-operative pain is due to dilatation of the renal capsule, the parenchymal tract and peritubal distressing of the nephrostomy tube. Addition of ultrasound guided paravertebral block to the multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen after general anaesthesia can achieve adequate somatic and visceral sensory blockade to provide post op analgesic cover for PCNL. Methods: It was a randomized controlled study where 60 ASA I and II patients scheduled for elective PCNL surgery were divided into 2 groups of 30 each, group P and group N. Both groups underwent PCNL under general anaesthesia. After the conclusion of surgery, group P were given ultrasound guided single level paravertebral block at T9-T10 level on the operated side using 10 ml 0.25% bupivacaine while group N did not receive paravertebral block after the conclusion of surgery. Results: VAS score, time for first rescue analgesic, number of rescue analgesics in post-operative period were significant in group P compared to group N. Conclusions: Addition of thoracic para vertebral block to multimodal analgesic regimen significantly provides effective analgesia, reduces requirements of intravenous opioids, maintains stable postoperative hemodynamics, improves respiratory mechanics and lowers the incidence of chronic postoperative pain

RAPID SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA AND STUDY OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES

Objective: To study the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera and check the antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity of the biosynthesized AgNPsMethods: 20 ml of aqueous leaf extract of A. aspera was added to 80 ml of 2 mM silver nitrate and the reaction solution was heated at 55-60 °C for 20 min and incubated. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by different spectroscopic measurements including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was checked against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (Gram+ve bacteria), Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-ve bacteria), Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Candida nonalbicans (Human pathogenic fungi) by employing disc diffusion method. The free radical scavenging activity of AgNPs was checked against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals. Results: After 1 h of incubation, the light yellow color of the reaction solution was turned to dark brown. UV-Vis spectra showed the absorption peak at 445 nm and confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. FTIR spectra revealed the functional groups plausibly involved in the biosynthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. XRD pattern revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic (FCC) phase. TEM revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with 20-40 nm in size. DLS analysis revealed that the average size of AgNPs was 24.5 nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs were highly stable due to their high negative zeta potential value of-28.1 mV. AgNPs showed effective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (16.4 mm), B. subtilis (14.5 mm), K. pneumonia (13.2 mm), P. aeruginosa (12.4 mm), A. niger (12.2 mm), C. albicans (11.5 mm) and C. nonalbicans (11.8 mm). AgNPs showed effective free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 77.73 and 90.53 µg/ml respectively against DPPH and H2O2 radicals.Conclusion: Successful and rapid synthesis of AgNPs was achieved using aqueous leaf extract of A. aspera. Biosynthesized AgNPs were proved to be excellent antimicrobial agents and free radical scavengers.Keywords: Achyranthes aspera, Silver nanoparticles, TEM, DLS, Antimicrobial and Radical scavenging activit

Reduction of Power Losses in the Distribution System by Controlling Tap Changing Transformer using the PSO Algorithm

Energy is an essential commodity for everyone, with electrical energy being the most preferred form. Unfortunately, non-renewable energy resources are gradually depleting, and renewable energy sources take several years to establish. To mitigate this problem, technology has shifted from non-renewable energy sources to electrical devices and machines, including household appliances like washing machines and air conditioners. However, the generation of electricity is still inadequate to meet the growing demand. This leads to two critical issues: Excessive power loss and inadequate voltage stability, making it difficult for power distribution companies to ensure a consistent and reliable power supply. The objective of this study is to tackle the issue of reduction and minimization of power dissipation By employing the PSO technique, adjusting the transformer tap settings. The proposed approach uses the 14-bus system as a reference and calculates losses for this system using the backward-forward sweeping technique

Barriers to Sustainable Waste Management in Mountain Tourism: Evidence from India

Goal 15 of the Sustainable Development Goals calls for efforts to protect fragile mountain ecosystems. Waste generated due to mountain tourism leads to environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and poses a significant challenge to achieving this goal. Mountains which are characterized by uninhabitable terrain and remoteness, coupled with current tourism practices compound this challenge. The paper resolves this challenge by understanding barriers to sustainably manage waste using th Classical DEMATEL method. Based on data from 36 experts in India’s mountain tourism industry, barriers to sustainable management of non-biodegradable waste are analyzed. Results suggest that enforcement of regulations, waste collection infrastructure, and lack of transportation for waste transfer are the most prominent barriers that can be mitigated by collectively leveraging four tangible barriers: tourists’ motivation or achievement mentality, local government’s initiative, economic value of waste, and tourists’ lack of environmental awareness. Based on this, a policy intervention mandating certification standards for tourists is suggested before they embark on mountain tourism

Blind Assistance System using Image Processing

Eye diseases usually cause blindness and visual impairment As per the statistics there are over 285 million visually impaired people living worldwide They come across many troubles in their daily life especially while navigating from one place to another on their own They often depend on others for help to satisfy their day-to-day needs So it is quite a challenging task to implement a technological solution to assist them Several technologies were developed for the assistance of visually impaired people One such attempt is that we would wish to make an Integrated Machine Learning System that allows the blind victims to identify and classify real-time objects generating voice feedback and distance Which also produces warnings whether they are very close or far away from the thin