Pengaruh Berbagai Pupuk Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi di Lahan Pasang Surut

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pupuk organik yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi di lahan pasang surut. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 5 bulan dimulai dari persemaian pada tanggal 9 September 2012 hingga panen pada tanggal 28 Januari 2013. Penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah Sui Kakap Kecamatan Sui Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya pada tanah alluvial. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen lapangan pola Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan, 4 ulangan serta 10 sampel tanaman sehingga diper oleh 24 unit percobaan. Adapun perlakuan sebagai berikut : p0 : tanpa penambahan pupuk organik, p1 : SSA, p2 : pupuk kotoran sapi, p3 : pupuk kotoran ayam, p4 : pupuk kotoran kambing, p5 : kompos. Variabel yang diamati meliputi : tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah anakan produktif (anakan), jumlah anakan maksimum (anakan), jumlah gabah per malai (butir), panjang malai (cm), persentase gabah isi per malai (%), berat 1000 biji gabah kering (g), hasil gabah kering per petakan (g) Pemberian pupuk organik memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap variabel tinggi tanaman pada umur 2 minggu, jumlah anakan maksimum, dan panjang malai. Pemberian pupuk organik berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah isi, berat 1000 biji gabah kering, dan hasil gabah kering per petakan

Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kawasan tanpa Rokok Kota Padang Panjang

Latar belakang: 25,3% penduduk Kota Padang Panjang merokok setiap hari dan diperkirakan 91,9% diantaranya merokok di dalam rumah. Kawasan tanpa rokok menjadi cara alternatif untuk menurunkan prevalensi perokok dan mengurangi dampak merokok terhadap kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan peraturan daerah kawasan tanpa rokok di Kota Padang Panjang.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain mixed methods dengan rancangan sequential explanatory design. Data kuantitatif berasal dari masyarakat Kota Padang Panjang yang berusia 15-50 tahun dan tinggal sebelum/sejak tahun 2009 Sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh dari pejabat pemerintah, lembaga swadaya masyarakat dan tokoh masyarakat. Hasil: Prevalensi perokok tidak menurun di Kota Padang Panjang. Komitmen terhadap peraturan daerah kawasan tanpa rokok mengalami penurunan akibat pergantian Walikota. Mayoritas responden (94%) mendukung peraturan, 90% perokok tidak merokok di kawasan tanpa rokok dan lebih dari 50% perokok tidak merokok di smoking room, seperti di pasar (82%) dan terminal (78%).Kesimpulan: Pemerintah dan masyarakat harus kerja sama agar penerapan peraturan daerah kawasan tanpa rokok menjadi lebih efektif. Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan sosialisasi peraturan, bahaya merokok di tempat-tempat umum lainnya

Increase of the mean inner Coulomb potential in Au clusters induced by surface tension and its implication for electron scattering

Electron holography in a transmission electron microscope was applied to measure the phase shift induced by Au clusters as a function of the cluster size. Large phase shifts Df observed for small Au clusters cannot be described by the well-known equation Df=C_E V_0 t (C_E: interaction constant, V_0: mean inner Coulomb potential (MIP) of bulk gold, t: cluster thickness). The rapid increase of the Au MIP with decreasing cluster size derived from Df, can be explained by the compressive strain of surface atoms in the cluster

Coordination mechanism of cyanine dyes on the surface of core@active shell β-NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals and its role in enhancing upconversion luminescence

The sensitization of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) using organic dyes with a broad and intense optical absorption is an interesting approach for efficient excitation-energy harvesting and enhancing the upconversion luminescence of such UCNCs. In this work, an ultrasmall (similar to 6.5 nm in diameter) beta-NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ core and related core@shell UCNCs were sensitized using six NIR-excitable cyanine dyes with a wide range of functional groups and optical properties. The greatest UC enhancement of 680-times was observed for the conjugate between the Cy 754 dye and NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaGdF4:10%Yb3+,30%Nd3+ core@shell UCNCs excited using a 754 nm laser. The enhancement was estimated relative to NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaGdF4:10%Yb3+,30%Nd3+ core@shell UCNCs capped with oleic acid and excited using a similar intensity (75 W cm(-2)) of a 980 nm laser. UC intensity measurements for identical dye-sensitized UCNCs carried out in methanol and in deuterated methanol under argon, as well as in air, allowed us to reveal the connection of the dye triplet states with UCNC sensitization as well as of the hydroxyl groups with quenching of the excited states of lanthanide ions. For UCNCs dispersed in methanol, the strong quenching UC luminescence was always observed, including core@shell UCNCs (with a shell of similar to 2 nm). A strong influence of the triplet states of the dyes was observed for the two dyes Cy 754 and Cy 792 that bind firmly to UCNCs and allow the distances between the dye and the UCNC to be reduced, whereas the contribution of this sensitization pathway is very insignificant for Cy 740 and Cy 784 dyes that bind weakly to UCNCs

Coordination mechanism of cyanine dyes on the surface of core@active shell β-NaGdF4_{4}:Yb3+^{3+},Er3+^{3+} nanocrystals and its role in enhancing upconversion luminescence

The sensitization of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) using organic dyes with a broad and intense optical absorption is an interesting approach for efficient excitation-energy harvesting and enhancing the upconversion luminescence of such UCNCs. In this work, an ultrasmall (∼6.5 nm in diameter) β-NaGdF$_{4}$:Yb$^{3+}$,Er$^{3+}$ core and related core@shell UCNCs were sensitized using six NIR-excitable cyanine dyes with a wide range of functional groups and optical properties. The greatest UC enhancement of 680-times was observed for the conjugate between the Cy 754 dye and β-NaGdF$_{4}$:Yb$^{3+}$,Er$^{3+}$@NaGdF$_{4}$:10%Yb$^{3+},30$^{3+} core@shell UCNCs excited using a 754 nm laser. The enhancement was estimated relative to NaGdF$_{4}$:Yb$^{3+}$,Er$^{3+}$@NaGdF$_{4}$:10%Yb$^{3+},30$^{3+} core@shell UCNCs capped with oleic acid and excited using a similar intensity (75 W cm$^{-2}$) of a 980 nm laser. UC intensity measurements for identical dye-sensitized UCNCs carried out in methanol and in deuterated methanol under argon, as well as in air, allowed us to reveal the connection of the dye triplet states with UCNC sensitization as well as of the hydroxyl groups with quenching of the excited states of lanthanide ions. For UCNCs dispersed in methanol, the strong quenching UC luminescence was always observed, including core@shell UCNCs (with a shell of ∼2 nm). A strong influence of the triplet states of the dyes was observed for the two dyes Cy 754 and Cy 792 that bind firmly to UCNCs and allow the distances between the dye and the UCNC to be reduced, whereas the contribution of this sensitization pathway is very insignificant for Cy 740 and Cy 784 dyes that bind weakly to UCNCs

Composition and structure of magnetic high-temperature-phase, stable Fe-Au core-shell nanoparticles with zero-valent bcc Fe core

Advanced quantitative TEM/EDXS methods were used to characterize different ultrastructures of magnetic Fe–Au core–shell nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquids. The findings demonstrate the presence of Au-rich alloy shells with varying composition in all structures and elemental bcc Fe cores. The identified structures are metastable phases interpreted by analogy to the bulk phase diagram. Based on this, we propose a formation mechanism of these complex ultrastructures. To show the magnetic response of these magnetic core nanoparticles protected by a noble metal shell, we demonstrate the formation of nanostrands in the presence of an external magnetic field. We find that it is possible to control the lengths of these strands by the iron content within the alloy nanoparticles

In vivo bioassay to test the pathogenicity of missense human AIP variants

Background Heterozygous germline loss-of-function mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein gene (AIP) predispose to childhood-onset pituitary tumours. The pathogenicity of missense variants may pose difficulties for genetic counselling and family follow-up. Objective To develop an in vivo system to test the pathogenicity of human AIP mutations using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Methods We generated a null mutant of the Drosophila AIP orthologue, CG1847, a gene located on the Xchromosome, which displayed lethality at larval stage in hemizygous knockout male mutants (CG1847exon1_3 ). We tested human missense variants of ‘unknown significance’, with ‘pathogenic’ variants as positive control. Results We found that human AIP can functionally substitute for CG1847, as heterologous overexpression of human AIP rescued male CG1847exon1_3 lethality, while a truncated version of AIP did not restore viability. Flies harbouring patient-specific missense AIP variants (p.C238Y, p.I13N, p.W73R and p.G272D) failed to rescue CG1847exon1_3 mutants, while seven variants (p.R16H, p.Q164R, p.E293V, p.A299V, p.R304Q, p.R314W and p.R325Q) showed rescue, supporting a non-pathogenic role for these latter variants corresponding to prevalence and clinical data. Conclusion Our in vivo model represents a valuable tool to characterise putative disease-causing human AIP variants and assist the genetic counselling and management of families carrying AIP variants

Interface Pattern Engineering in Core-Shell Upconverting Nanocrystals: Shedding Light on Critical Parameters and Consequences for the Photoluminescence Properties

Advances in controlling energy migration pathways in core-shell lanthanide (Ln)-based hetero-nanocrystals (HNCs) have relied heavily on assumptions about how optically active centers are distributed within individual HNCs. In this article, it is demonstrated that different types of interface patterns can be formed depending on shell growth conditions. Such interface patterns are not only identified but also characterized with spatial resolution ranging from the nanometer- to the atomic-scale. In the most favorable cases, atomic-scale resolved maps of individual particles are obtained. It is also demonstrated that, for the same type of core-shell architecture, the interface pattern can be engineered with thicknesses of just 1 nm up to several tens of nanometers. Total alloying between the core and shell domains is also possible when using ultra-small particles as seeds. Finally, with different types of interface patterns (same architecture and chemical composition of the core and shell domains) it is possible to modify the output color (yellow, red, and green-yellow) or change (improvement or degradation) the absolute upconversion quantum yield. The results presented in this article introduce an important paradigm shift and pave the way toward the emergence of a new generation of core-shell Ln-based HNCs with better control over their atomic-scale organization