504 research outputs found
Global perspective of nitrate flux in ice cores
The relationships between the concentration and the flux of chemical species (Cl-, NO3 - , SO42-, Na +, K + , NH4 + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+) versus snow accumulation rate were examined at GISP2 and 20D in Greenland, Mount Logan from the St. Elias Range, Yukon Territory, Canada, and Sentik Glacier from the northwest end of the Zanskar Range in the Indian Himalayas. At all sites, only nitrate flux is significantly (a = 0.05) related to snow accumulation rate. Of all the chemical series, only nitrate concentration data are normally distributed. Therefore we suggest that nitrate concentration in snow is affected by postdepositionaJ exchange with the atmosphere over a broad range of environmental conditions. The persistent summer maxima in nitrate observed in Greenland snow over the entire range of record studied (the last 800 years) may be mainly due to NOâą released from peroxyacetyl nitrate by thermal decomposition in the presence of higher OH concentrations in summer. The late winter/early spring nitrate peak observed in modern Greenland snow may be related to the buildup of anthropogenically derived N Oy in the Arctic troposphere during the long polar winter
Climatic impact of the A.D. 1783 Asama (Japan) Eruption was minimal: Evidence from the GISP2 Ice Core
Assessing the climatic impact of the A.D. 1783 eruption of Mt. Asama, Japan, is complicated by the concurrent eruption of Laki, Iceland. Estimates of the stratospheric loading of H2SO4 for the A.D. 1108 eruption of Asama derived from the SO42â time series in the GISP2 Greenland ice core indicate a loading of about 10.4 Tg H2SO4 with a resulting stratospheric optical depth of 0.087. Assuming sulfur emissions from the 1783 eruption were only oneâthird of the 1108 event yields a H2SO4 loading value of 3.5 Tg and a stratospheric optical depth of only 0.029. These results suggest minimal climatic effects in the Northern Hemisphere from the 1783 Asama eruption, thus any volcanicallyâinduced cooling in the midâ1780s is probably due to the Laki eruption
Parton distribution functions from the precise NNLO QCD fit
We report the parton distribution functions (PDFs) determined from the NNLO
QCD analysis of the world inclusive DIS data with account of the precise NNLO
QCD corrections to the evolution equations kernel. The value of strong coupling
constant \alpha_s^{NNLO}(M_Z)=0.1141(14), in fair agreement with one obtained
using the earlier approximate NNLO kernel by van Neerven-Vogt. The intermediate
bosons rates calculated in the NNLO using obtained PDFs are in agreement to the
latest Run II results.Comment: 8 pages, LATEX, 2 figures (EPS
Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering
The radiative corrections to elastic electron-proton scattering are analyzed
in a hadronic model including the finite size of the nucleon. For initial
electron energies above 8 GeV and large scattering angles, the proton vertex
correction in this model increases by at least two percent the overall factor
by which the one-photon exchange (Rosenbluth) cross section must be multiplied.
The contribution of soft photon emission is calculated exactly. Comparison is
made with the generally used expressions previously obtained by Mo and Tsai.
Results are presented for some kinematics at high momentum transfer.Comment: 31 pages, 4 figure
Seasonal variations of glaciochemical, isotopic and stratigraphic properties in Siple Dome (Antarctica) surface snow
Six snow-pit records recovered from Siple Dome, West Antarctica, during 1994 are used to study seasonal variations in chemical (major ion and H202), isotopic (deuterium) and physical stratigraphic properties during the 1988-94 period. Comparison of ΎD measurements and satellite-derived brightness temperature for the Siple Dome area suggests that most seasonal SD maxima occur within ±4 weeks of each 1 January. Several other chemical species (H2O2, non-sea-salt (nss) SO4 2-, methanesulfonic acid and NO3-) show coeval peaks with SD, together providing an accurate method for identifying summer accumulation. Sea-salt-derived species generally peak during winter/spring, but episodic input is noted throughout some years. No reliable seasonal signal is identified in species with continental sources (nssCa2+ nss Mg2+), NH4 + or nssCl-. Visible strata such as large depth-hoar layers (\u3e5 cm) are associated with summer accumulation and its metamorphosis, but smaller hoar layers and crusts are more difficult to interpret. A multi-parameter approach is found to provide the most accurate dating of these snow-pit records, and is used to determine annual layer thicknesses at each site Significant spatial accumulation variability exists on an annual basis, but mean accumulation in the sampled 10 km2 grid for the 1988-94 period is fairly uniform
Greenland ice core âsignalâ characteristics: An expanded view of climate change
The last millenium of Earth history is of particular interest because it documents the environmental complexities of both natural variability and anthropogenic activity. We have analyzed the major ions contained in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP 2) ice core from the present to âŒ674 A.D. to yield an environmental reconstruction for this period that includes a description of nitrogen and sulfur cycling, volcanic emissions, sea salt and terrestrial influences. We have adapted and extended mathematical procedures for extracting sporadic (e.g., volcanic) events, secular trends, and periodicities found in the data sets. Finally, by not assuming that periodic components (signals) were âstationaryâ and by utilizing evolutionary spectral analysis, we were able to reveal periodic processes in the climate system which change in frequency, âturn on,â and âturn offâ with other climate transitions such as\u27that between the little ice age and the medieval warm period
Climatic Impact of the A.D. 1783 Asama (Japan) Eruption was Minimal: Evidence from the GISP2 Ice Core
Assessing the climatic impact of the A.D. 1783 eruption of Mt. Asama, Japan, is complicated by the concurrent eruption of Laki, Iceland. Estimates of the stratospheric loading of H2SO4 for the A.D. 1108 eruption of Asama derived from the SO42â time series in the GISP2 Greenland ice core indicate a loading of about 10.4 Tg H2SO4 with a resulting stratospheric optical depth of 0.087. Assuming sulfur emissions from the 1783 eruption were only oneâthird of the 1108 event yields a H2SO4 loading value of 3.5 Tg and a stratospheric optical depth of only 0.029. These results suggest minimal climatic effects in the Northern Hemisphere from the 1783 Asama eruption, thus any volcanicallyâinduced cooling in the midâ1780s is probably due to the Laki eruption
One-Time Compilation of Device-Level Instructions for Quantum Subroutines
A large class of problems in the current era of quantum devices involve
interfacing between the quantum and classical system. These include calibration
procedures, characterization routines, and variational algorithms. The control
in these routines iteratively switches between the classical and the quantum
computer. This results in the repeated compilation of the program that runs on
the quantum system, scaling directly with the number of circuits and
iterations. The repeated compilation results in a significant overhead
throughout the routine. In practice, the total runtime of the program
(classical compilation plus quantum execution) has an additional cost
proportional to the circuit count. At practical scales, this can dominate the
round-trip CPU-QPU time, between 5% and 80%, depending on the proportion of
quantum execution time.
To avoid repeated device-level compilation, we identify that machine code can
be parametrized corresponding to pulse/gate parameters which can be dynamically
adjusted during execution. Therefore, we develop a device-level
partial-compilation (DLPC) technique that reduces compilation overhead to
nearly constant, by using cheap remote procedure calls (RPC) from the QPU
control software to the CPU. We then demonstrate the performance speedup of
this on optimal pulse calibration, system characterization using randomized
benchmarking (RB), and variational algorithms. We execute this modified
pipeline on real trapped-ion quantum computers and observe significant
reductions in compilation time, as much as 2.7x speedup for small-scale VQE
problems
The dependence of the measured asymmetry : the test of the Bjorken sum rule
We analyse the proton and deutron data on spin dependent asymmetry
supposing the DIS structure functions and
have the similar -dependence. As a result, we have obtained
that at and
at , what is in the
best agreement with the Bjorken sum rule predictions.Comment: LaTeX, 5 pages, no figures, to be published in JETP Letter
Higher Twist, Scaling, and Effective for Lepton Scattering in the Few GeV Region
We use a new scaling variable , and add low modifications to
GRV98 leading order parton distribution functions such that they can be used to
model electron, muon and neutrino inelastic scattering cross sections (and also
photoproduction) at both very low and high energies.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. To be published in J. Phys. G (Conf. Proceedings)
based on two talks by Arie Bodek at the NuFact conference, Imperial
College, London, England, July 200
- âŠ