High oleic peanuts for Asia and Africa to meet the needs of the food processing industries

High oleic peanuts offer longer shelf-life benefits to food processing industry, health benefits to consumers and increases profitability to farmers through premium price compared to normal peanuts. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in collaboration with national partners of India has developed high oleic peanuts in Spanish and Virginia Bunch growth habit suitable for cultivation in Asia and Africa. The oleic acid concentration in high oleic peanuts is 80+2% as against 45-50% in normal peanuts. The high oleic lines were developed using SunOleic 95R as donor parent from the USA employing marker-assisted selection (MAS) and marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) approaches. Process innovation in breeding and testing pipeline that include, high through phenotyping using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS), genotyping, rapid generation advancement under controlled conditions, target site testing to fix the best allele combinations and multi-location testing resulted in enhanced rate of genetic gain for high oleic trait. ICRISAT has shared high oleic peanut lines with national partners in India, Uganda, Tanzania, Mali, Malawi, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Australia. High oleic lines are in national trials under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Peanut (AICRP-G) during rainy 2017 and 2018 and this is the first such speciality trial being conducted in India and it is expected that India will release its first high oleic peanut variety in 2019. Fast-track development and commercialization of high oleic varieties in India was enabled through partnerships

High oleic peanuts for Asia and Africa to meet the needs of the food processing industries

High oleic peanuts offer longer shelf-life benefits to food processing industry, health benefits to consumers and increases profitability to farmers through premium price compared to normal peanuts. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in collaboration with national partners of India has developed high oleic peanuts in Spanish and Virginia Bunch growth habit suitable for cultivation in Asia and Africa. The oleic acid concentration in high oleic peanuts is 80+2% as against 45-50% in normal peanuts. The high oleic lines were developed using SunOleic 95R as donor parent from the USA employing marker-assisted selection (MAS) and marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) approaches. Process innovation in breeding and testing pipeline that include, high through phenotyping using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS), genotyping, rapid generation advancement under controlled conditions, target site testing to fix the best allele combinations and multi-location testing resulted in enhanced rate of genetic gain for high oleic trait. ICRISAT has shared high oleic peanut lines with national partners in India, Uganda, Tanzania, Mali, Malawi, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Australia. High oleic lines are in national trials under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Peanut (AICRP-G) during rainy 2017 and 2018 and this is the first such speciality trial being conducted in India and it is expected that India will release its first high oleic peanut variety in 2019. Fast-track development and commercialization of high oleic varieties in India was enabled through partnerships

T2 relaxation times of macromolecules and metabolites in the human brain at 9.4 T

PURPOSE: Relaxation times can contribute to spectral assignment. In this study, effective T2 relaxation times ( Teff2 ) of macromolecules are reported for gray and white matter-rich voxels in the human brain at 9.4 T. The Teff2 of macromolecules are helpful to understand their behavior and the effect they have on metabolite quantification. Additionally, for absolute quantification of metabolites with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, appropriate T2 values of metabolites must be considered. The T2 relaxation times of metabolites are calculated after accounting for TE/sequence-specific macromolecular baselines. METHODS: Macromolecular and metabolite spectra for a series of TEs were acquired at 9.4 T using double inversion-recovery metabolite-cycled semi-LASER and metabolite-cycled semi-LASER, respectively. The T2 relaxation times were calculated by fitting the LCModel relative amplitudes of macromolecular peaks and metabolites to a mono-exponential decay across the TE series. Furthermore, absolute concentrations of metabolites were calculated using the estimated relaxation times and internal water as reference. RESULTS: The Teff2 of macromolecules are reported, which range from 13 ms to 40 ms, whereas, for metabolites, they range from 40 ms to 110 ms. Both macromolecular and metabolite T2 relaxation times are observed to follow the decreasing trend, with increasing B0 . The linewidths of metabolite singlets can be fully attributed to T2 and B0 components. However, in addition to these components, macromolecule linewidths have contributions from J-coupling and overlapping resonances. CONCLUSION: The T2 relaxation times of all macromolecular and metabolite peaks at 9.4 T in vivo are reported for the first time. Metabolite relaxation times were used to calculate the absolute metabolite concentrations

Estimation of T2 Relaxation Times of Downfield Peaks in Human Brain at 9.4 T

T2 relaxations times for the downfield metabolites in human brain 1H MR spectra were estimated at 9.4 T. A possible new peak at 8.35 ppm with rapid T2 decay is reported. Due to the use of a non-water suppressed MRS method, the T2 of slowly exchanging peaks could be assessed. The shorter T2 relaxation times in the downfield compared to the upfield spectral areas leads us to suspect a macromolecular contribution, while also exchange effects may contribute to the short apparent T2s

Performance simulation of grid-connected rooftop solar PV system for small households: A case study of Ujjain, India

Solar rooftop PV system is an attractive alternate electricity source for households. The potential of solar PV at a given site can be evaluated through software simulation tools. This study is done to assess the feasibility of grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic system for a household building in holy city Ujjain, India. The study focuses on the use of various simulation software, PV*SOL, PVGIS, SolarGIS and SISIFO to analyze the performance of a grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic system. The study assesses the energy generation, performance ratio and solar fraction for performance prediction of this solar power plant. PV*SOL demonstrates to be easy, fast, and reliable software tool for the simulation of a solar PV system