Энтропия собственности в западной и российской правовой доктрине и практике

The subject of the study is a phenomenon of an “entropy” of property, its interpretation, socio-economic conditionality, genesis of its development in European and Russian doctrine, reflection of a construct of “separated” property in the legislation. “Entropy” of property is a situation when both entities are owners, but in different areas of relations: the first person is the owner in relation to third parties, and the second-in relation to the first The goal of this scientific research is to find out reasons of the existence of phenomenon of “entropy of property” in European and Russian legal doctrines, to identify common and specific features of this phenomenon. Methodology. The authors use the general scientific method, including dialectics, comparative analysis, formal logic, historical method. A number of specific methods pertaining to the legal science were used as well: the formal dogmatic method was applied for analysis of ownership within the institute of property rights; the logical legal method was applied to study general tendencies of development of the institute of property rights; the legal comparative method was used to study European and Russian legislation on ownership and other property rights. The main scientific results. The Western legal doctrine of “entropy of property” has quite a long history of development, unlike the Russian. Specific features of the Russian doctrine are result of its historical, political and cultural characteristics. The phenomenon of “entropy of property” has both positive and negative consequences, which requires pluralistic approach to its assessment. “Reunification” of ownership rights on the land plot and other objects located on it, is a result of socio-economic and legal factors and deserves positive assessment. Property rights as elements of titular possession are not based only on law, but may be created by contract as well. Conclusions. The European and Russian legal doctrines on the “entropy of property” have both common and specific features. The common features are: existence of “absolute” ownership, limited property rights, trends of reunification of “separated” property etc. The specific features are: absence of “trust” in the Russian legal system; excessive fragmentation of right of ownership as a large “bundle” of rights; absence of situations when one person may simultaneously hold statuses of owner and holder of a limited property right in the Russian legislation.Рассматриваются концептуальное содержание категории «энтропия собственности», ее генезис от «функциональной» собственности к собственности «абсолютной» в западной и российской доктрине, влияние на формирование современной конструкции права собственности и других вещных прав, их типизацию. Анализируются теоретические тенденции к выработке подходов к обеспечению защиты вещных прав; попытки рецепции в российском правопорядке англосаксонской модели «траста»; проблемы «воссоединения» «расщепленной» собственности в правопорядках европейских стран, а также России – в контексте современного реформирования института вещных прав

Digital receivers for low-frequency radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT

This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. Since 1998, digital receivers performing on-the-fly dynamic spectrum calculations or waveform data recording without data loss have been used at the UTR-2 radio telescope, the URAN VLBI system, and the GURT new generation radio telescope. Here we detail these receivers developed for operation in the strong interference environment that prevails in the decameter wavelength range. Data collected with these receivers allowed us to discover numerous radio astronomical objects and phenomena at low frequencies, a summary of which is also presented.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figure

Высокотеплопроводная карбидокремниевая керамика для крупногабаритной космической оптики

The paper describes the important aspects of the developed technology for manufacturing silicon-carbide substrates for optical mirrors intended for future use in space applications. It is shown that the material with the best combination of thermophysical and mechanical properties (Maksutov’s criterion) among the known analogs used for making astronomical mirrors is obtained. The characteristics of a mirror made of a lightweight mirror substrate with a diameter of 205 mm are described, compared with the parameters of most known mirrors made of silicon carbide for various space missions and as proto types. It is shown that the produced substrate is characterized by a rather low specific gravity – 16.5 kg/m2, which is comparable with the indicators of the best world analogues.Описаны важные аспекты разработанной технологии изготовления карбидокремниевых подложек для оптических зеркал, предназначенных для перспективного использования в космических приложениях. Показано, что получен материал с лучшим сочетанием теплофизических и механических свойств (критерий Максутова) среди известных аналогов, применяемых при создании астрономических зеркал. Описаны характеристики изготовленной из него облегченной подложки зеркала диаметром 205 мм, проведено сравнение с параметрами большинства известных зеркал, изготовленных из карбида кремния для различных космических миссий и в качестве опытных образцов. Показано, что изготовленная подложка характеризуется низкой удельной массой – 16,5 кг/м2, что сопоставимо с показателями лучших мировых аналогов

Legal Regulation of Economic Processes at the Macro Level

The article analyzes the legal regulation of the economy at the structural level. Economists usually ignore the impact of law on macroeconomic processes. The main attention is paid to the study of the legal regulation of economic relations at the level of macroeconomics, as well as its primary links enterprises, organizations, etc. In particular, the legal regulation of several sublevels of the economy is singled out and considered: reproductive, sectoral (intersectoral), regional (interregional). It is concluded that the system of economic management is constantly undergoing changes under the influence of various factors of an objective and subjective nature, an important place among which is occupied by legal means and methods. The ideas put forward by R. Coase need to be reconsidered, considering new economic realities. Recommendations are made aimed at strengthening the role of the contract in economic management, improving legislation, and eliminating excessive administration of the activities of economic entities

Retracted: Application of cryptocurrencies in the Russian federation: positive and negative sides

This article was withdrawn and retracted by the Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences and has been removed from AJOL at the request of the journal Editor in Chief and the organisers of the conference at which the articles were presented (www.iccmit.net). Please address any queries to [email protected]

Tests of an Active, Broad-band Antenna Array. Planetary Radio Emissions| PLANETARY RADIO EMISSIONS VII 7|

In this paper, test results from a 25-element active antenna prototype array operating in the frequency range of 10–70 MHz are presented. Observations of radio emission from different sources: solar sporadic radio emission and powerful cosmic radio sources including their ionosphere scintillation, demonstrate the high effectiveness of the system due to the Galactic background limited sensitivity and high dynamic range of the antenna amplifier (noise immunity). This demonstrates the capability of this 25-element active antenna array to engage in a wide range of unique wide band radio astronomical observations of solar system objects that do not require high sensitivity and angular resolution