13,573 research outputs found
Optimal fidelity of teleportation of coherent states and entanglement
We study the Braunstein-Kimble protocol for the continuous variable
teleportation of a coherent state. We determine lower and upper bounds for the
optimal fidelity of teleportation, maximized over all local Gaussian operations
for a given entanglement of the two-mode Gaussian state shared by the sender
(Alice) and the receiver (Bob). We also determine the optimal local
transformations at Alice and Bob sites and the corresponding maximum fidelity
when one restricts to local trace-preserving Gaussian completely positive maps.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Modelling thermomechanical behaviour of Cr-Mo-V steel
This paper presents a mechanism-based approach for modelling the thermomechanical behaviour of a Cr-Mo-V steel. A set of unified viscoplastic constitutive equations were employed to model dislocation density, recrystallisation and grain size during deformation. The evolution of dislocation density accounts for the build-up of dislocations due to plastic strain, the static and dynamic recovery and the effect of recrystallisation. Recrystallisation occurs when a critical dislocation density is reached after an incubation time, and grain size becomes smaller after such event. Gleeble compression tests were used to obtain Stress-strain curves and evaluate the microstructural evolution at different temperature and strain rate, and the material constants for the model were determined from the experimental data. Copyright © 2010 MS&T10®
Introductory assessment of orbiting reflections for terrestrial power generation
The use of orbiting mirrors for providing energy to ground conversion stations to produce electrical power is shown to be a viable, cost effective and environmentally sound alternative to satellite solar power stations and conventional power sources. This is accomplished with the use of very light weight metal coated polymeric films as mirrors which, after deployment at 800 km, are placed in operational orbit and controlled by solar radiation pressure. Relations are developed showing the influence of a number of parameters (mirror altitude, orbit inclination, period, mirror size and number, and atmospheric effects) on the reflected insolation that may be received by a ground spot as a function of location. Some attractive alternative uses of the reflection are briefly discussed as a beneficial adjuncts to the system
Coherent control and feedback cooling in a remotely-coupled hybrid atom-optomechanical system
Cooling to the motional ground state is an important first step in the
preparation of nonclassical states of mesoscopic mechanical oscillators.
Light-mediated coupling to a remote atomic ensemble has been proposed as a
method to reach the ground state for low frequency oscillators. The ground
state can also be reached using optical measurement followed by feedback
control. Here we investigate the possibility of enhanced cooling by combining
these two approaches. The combination, in general, outperforms either
individual technique, though atomic ensemble-based cooling and feedback cooling
each individually dominate over large regions of parameter space.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Updated to include exemplary
experimental parameters and expanded discussion of noise source
Evanescent single-molecule biosensing with quantum limited precision
Sensors that are able to detect and track single unlabelled biomolecules are
an important tool both to understand biomolecular dynamics and interactions at
nanoscale, and for medical diagnostics operating at their ultimate detection
limits. Recently, exceptional sensitivity has been achieved using the strongly
enhanced evanescent fields provided by optical microcavities and nano-sized
plasmonic resonators. However, at high field intensities photodamage to the
biological specimen becomes increasingly problematic. Here, we introduce an
optical nanofibre based evanescent biosensor that operates at the fundamental
precision limit introduced by quantisation of light. This allows a four
order-of-magnitude reduction in optical intensity whilst maintaining
state-of-the-art sensitivity. It enable quantum noise limited tracking of
single biomolecules as small as 3.5 nm, and surface-molecule interactions to be
monitored over extended periods. By achieving quantum noise limited precision,
our approach provides a pathway towards quantum-enhanced single-molecule
biosensors.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, supplementary informatio
Non-linear optomechanical measurement of mechanical motion
Precision measurement of non-linear observables is an important goal in all
facets of quantum optics. This allows measurement-based non-classical state
preparation, which has been applied to great success in various physical
systems, and provides a route for quantum information processing with otherwise
linear interactions. In cavity optomechanics much progress has been made using
linear interactions and measurement, but observation of non-linear mechanical
degrees-of-freedom remains outstanding. Here we report the observation of
displacement-squared thermal motion of a micro-mechanical resonator by
exploiting the intrinsic non-linearity of the radiation pressure interaction.
Using this measurement we generate bimodal mechanical states of motion with
separations and feature sizes well below 100~pm. Future improvements to this
approach will allow the preparation of quantum superposition states, which can
be used to experimentally explore collapse models of the wavefunction and the
potential for mechanical-resonator-based quantum information and metrology
applications.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, extensive supplementary material available with
published versio
Standard Model Top Quark Asymmetry at the Fermilab Tevatron
Top quark pair production at proton-antiproton colliders is known to exhibit
a forward-backward asymmetry due to higher-order QCD effects. We explore how
this asymmetry might be studied at the Fermilab Tevatron, including how the
asymmetry depends on the kinematics of extra hard partons. We consider results
for top quark pair events with one and two additional hard jets. We further
note that a similar asymmetry, correlated with the presence of jets, arises in
specific models for parton showers in Monte Carlo simulations. We conclude that
the measurement of this asymmetry at the Tevatron will be challenging, but
important both for our understanding of QCD and for our efforts to model it.Comment: 26 p., 10 embedded figs., comment added, version to appear in PR
Improving teleportation of continuous variables by local operations
We study a continuous-variable (CV) teleportation protocol based on a shared
entangled state produced by the quantum-nondemolition (QND) interaction of two
vacuum states. The scheme utilizes the QND interaction or an unbalanced beam
splitter in the Bell measurement. It is shown that in the non-unity gain regime
the signal transfer coefficient can be enhanced while the conditional variance
product remains preserved by applying appropriate local squeezing operation on
sender's part of the shared entangled state. In the unity gain regime it is
demonstrated that the fidelity of teleportation can be increased with the help
of the local squeezing operations on parts of the shared entangled state that
convert effectively our scheme to the standard CV teleportation scheme.
Further, it is proved analytically that such a choice of the local symplectic
operations minimizes the noise by which the mean number of photons in the input
state is increased during the teleportation. Finally, our analysis reveals that
the local symplectic operation on sender's side can be integrated into the Bell
measurement if the interaction constant of the interaction in the Bell
measurement can be adjusted properly.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, discussion of the non-unity gain teleportation is
adde
Continuous optical-to-mechanical quantum state transfer in the unresolved sideband regime
Optical-to-mechanical quantum state transfer is an important capability for
future quantum networks, quantum communication, and distributed quantum
sensing. However, existing continuous state transfer protocols operate in the
resolved sideband regime, necessitating a high-quality optical cavity and a
high mechanical resonance frequency. Here, we propose a continuous protocol
that operates in the unresolved sideband regime. The protocol is based on
feedback cooling, can be implemented with current technology, and is able to
transfer non-Gaussian quantum states with high fidelity. Our protocol
significantly expands the kinds of optomechanical devices for which continuous
optical-to-mechanical state transfer is possible, paving the way towards
quantum technological applications and the preparation of macroscopic
superpositions to test the fundamentals of quantum science
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