State of the mineral component of rat bone tissue during hypokinesia and the recovery period

Experiments were conducted on young growing rats. Hypokinesia lasting from 20 to 200 days caused retarded gain in weight and volume of the femur and delayed development of the cortical layer of the diaphysis. In contrast, the density of the cortical layer of the femoral diaphysis increased due to elevation of the mineral saturation of the bone tissue microstructures. Incorporation of Ca into the bone tissue in hypokinesia had a tendency to reduce. Partial normalization of the bone tissue mineral component occurred during a 20 day recovery period following hypokinesia

Organization and content of the diagnostics of cognitive development of junior preschool children with disabilities

The article deals with the algorithm and rules of organization of psycho-pedagogical examination of junior preschool children with disabilities on their entering a preschool education institution. The article describes a complex of diagnostic methods and the procedure of procession of results of psycho-pedagogical diagnostics. It contains important diagnostic criteria of assessment of cognitive development and the most significant tasks which can be used to select the variant of the educational program most suitable for the child. The psychological achievements of 36-40-month-old children with disabilities of various etiologies are presented in detail.В статье представлена психолого-педагогическая диагностика младших дошкольников с особенностями здоровья при поступлении в дошкольную образовательную организацию

COGNITIVE ASPECT OF ENGLISH-RUSSIAN METAPHOR TRANSLATION IN JULIAN BARNES’S TALKING IT OVER

The article focuses on the aspects of interpretation of fiction within the framework of cognitive metaphor analysis in Julian Barnes’s novel Talking it Over . The article begins with the overview of the major issues and the standard strategies of metaphor translation. Within the present paper translation is viewed as a process with relies on the translator’s competence to ‘dive into’ the source language continuum, 1. a different social and cultural dimension and disclose the interaction of the mind-scope of the author of the source text and the translator via the dialogue of cultures. There are two reasons due to which metaphor analysis can be conducted. Firstly, metaphors are typical in any natural language, so that’s why they can be translated. Secondly, the fact is that translation is always viewed as a phenomenon of cross-cultural communication, whereas metaphor is part and parcel of culture. Metaphor creates a significant challenge for the translator. There are some difficulties in the translation of metaphor. Culturally-bound metaphors are often misunderstood when they are translated from the source language into the target one. Optimizing cross-cultural communication can be done within the “author-text-reader” interpretation triangle when the translation should be accompanied by a cognitive interpretation and lingvocultural commentaries

On some aspects of methodology of comparative legal studies

The article is devoted to the problems of applicability of different methods of comparative legal research. The authors prove the dependence of such methods from the nature of the analyzed legal phenomena. The article also points out general rules of comparative legal analysis

Brain-controlled modulation of spinal circuits improves recovery from spinal cord injury.

The delivery of brain-controlled neuromodulation therapies during motor rehabilitation may augment recovery from neurological disorders. To test this hypothesis, we conceived a brain-controlled neuromodulation therapy that combines the technical and practical features necessary to be deployed daily during gait rehabilitation. Rats received a severe spinal cord contusion that led to leg paralysis. We engineered a proportional brain-spine interface whereby cortical ensemble activity constantly determines the amplitude of spinal cord stimulation protocols promoting leg flexion during swing. After minimal calibration time and without prior training, this neural bypass enables paralyzed rats to walk overground and adjust foot clearance in order to climb a staircase. Compared to continuous spinal cord stimulation, brain-controlled stimulation accelerates and enhances the long-term recovery of locomotion. These results demonstrate the relevance of brain-controlled neuromodulation therapies to augment recovery from motor disorders, establishing important proofs-of-concept that warrant clinical studies