HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia and b-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - pathogenetically related problems

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global population problem due to its high prevalence, usually late diagnosis, the difficulties of treatment. In the prognosis of patients with HCV not only hepatic, but increasingly frequent of extrahepatic HCV manifestations, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia (CG), are important. Mixed CG is currently considered as a B-cell benign lymphoproliferative disorders. The role of HCV virus in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative diseases is confirmed by a large number of epidemiological studies, as well as by the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). The purpose of the review was to provide an overview of recent literature data and the meta-analysis of epidemiological data explaining the role of HCV in the development of NHL. The review also discusses the treatment for HCV-associated NHL by antiviral therapy or other therapeutic options, such as chemotherapy

Banks: Old Actors of the New Economy

In the globalization conditions, influence of business both on the states internal life, and on the global system increases. The states are compelled to solve together not only the international problems, but also the tasks, which were mainly internal as long ago as yesterday. An increasing number of the public relations go beyond the national borders, and their regulation is possible only by the states interaction. In this paradigm, the banks, as the central players of the national financial system, can become agents of the new economic policy that seeks to find answers to the new global challenges. It is, above all, the banks role in stimulating the national industry, the possibility of the banks participation in the formation of the new truly competitive economy of the medium and small businesses, directed not on the maximum profit extraction, but first on the public interests satisfaction. In the article, the banks activity change in present period is considered. The banks activity transformation requires the change of the regulation measures, including the states interaction in the globalization conditions. The problems description of the modern Russian banking system in the crisis conditions is given and the possible directions of these problems solution are presented. Keywords: commercial banks, policy, the Bank of Russia, globalization JEL Classifications: E44, E58, E62, F20, F37, F4

Modern antiepileptic drugs in treatment of focal forms of epilepsy in children

Purpose: Comparison of the efficiency and safety of using antiepileptic drugs topiramate and lamotrigine in treatment of symptomatic focal forms of epilepsy in children. Methods: We observed 2 groups of children with focal forms of epilepsy: 1 group - 31 patient were treated by topiramate in doses from 56 up to 500 mg/day, from 2,8 up to 17 mg/kg/day (on the average 6,6 mg/kg/day). 2 group - 31 patients - received therapy by lamotrigine in doses from 25 up to 250 mg/day, from 0,5 up to 6 mg/ kg/day (on the average 3,6 mg/kg/day). The therapy was used in monotherapy and in combine therapy with other antiepileptic drugs. Results: Seizures freedom was achieved in 8/31 patients (26 %), used topiramate, and in 8/31 patients (26 %), treated by lamotrigine. Reduction in seizure frequency more than 50% was observed in 19/31 (61%) cases in topiramate group and in 14/31 (45%) cases in lamotrigine group. In 3 patients was detected seizures aggravation (in 3% cases, used topiramate and in 6% cases, used lamotrigine). Conclusion: This study has shown topiramate and lamotrigine is high effective new antiepileptic drug for treatment focal forms of epilepsy in children.Цель исследования: Сравнение эффективности применения антизпилептических препаратов топирамата и ламотриджина в лечении фокальных форм эпилепсии у детей. Методы: Исследовались две группы пациентов с фокальными формами эпилепсии. 1 группа включала 31 пациента, которые получали терапию топираматом в дозах от 56 мг/сутки до 500 мг/сутки, от 2,8 мг/кг/сутки до 17 мг/кг/сутки (в среднем составляя 6,6 мг/кг/сутки). 2 группа также включала 31 пациента, которые получали терапию ламотриджином в дозах от 25 мг/сутки до 250 мг/сутки, от 0,5 мг/кг/сутки до 6 мг/кг/сутки (в среднем составляя 3,6 мг/кг/сутки). Лечение проводилось как в монотерапии исследуемыми препаратами, так и в комбинации с антиэпилептическими препаратами других групп. Результаты: Полное купирование приступов достигнуто у 8 из 31 пациента (26%), принимавших топирамат и у 8 из 31 пациента (26%), принимавших ламотриджин. Положительная динамика в виде уменьшения частоты приступов на 50 % и более наблюдалась у 19 из 31 пациента (61%), принимавших топирамат и у 14 из 31 пациента (45%), принимавших ламотриджин. У 3 пациентов отмечено учащение приступов - в 3% случаев при приеме топирамата и в 6% случаев при приеме ламотриджина. Выводы: Исследование показало высокую эффективность топирамата и ламотриджина в лечении фокальных форм эпилепсии у детей

Age-dependent response of murine female bone marrow cells to hyperbaric oxygen

Consequences of age on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on bone marrow (BM) derived stem cells and progenitors (SCPs) are largely unknown. We treated 2- and 18-month old C57BL/6 female mice by HBO. Hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, enumerated as colony-forming units in culture, were doubled only in peripheral leukocytes and BM cells of young mice receiving HBO. In old mice colony-forming unit fibroblast numbers, a measure of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from BM, were high but unaffected by HBO. To further explore this finding, in BM-MSCs we quantified the transcripts of adipocyte early-differentiation genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β and fatty-acid binding protein 4; these transcripts were not affected by age or HBO. However, osteoblast gene transcripts runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix (OSX) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were twofold to 20-fold more abundant in MSCs from old control mice relative to those of young control mice. HBO affected expression of osteoblast markers only in old MSCs (OSX gene expression was reduced by twofold and AP expression was increased threefold). Our data demonstrate the impact of aging on the response of BM SCPs to HBO and indicate the potentially different age-related benefit of HBO in wound healing and tissue remodeling

Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial

Background: Oral semaglutide is the first oral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with renal impairment, restricting treatment options. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment. Methods: This randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial was undertaken at 88 sites in eight countries. Patients aged 18 years and older, with type 2 diabetes, an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30–59 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and who had been receiving a stable dose of metformin or sulfonylurea, or both, or basal insulin with or without metformin for the past 90 days were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) by use of an interactive web-response system, with stratification by glucose-lowering medication and renal function, to receive oral semaglutide (dose escalated to 14 mg once daily) or matching placebo for 26 weeks, in addition to background medication. Participants and site staff were masked to assignment. Two efficacy-related estimands were defined: treatment policy (regardless of treatment discontinuation or rescue medication) and trial product (on treatment without rescue medication) in all participants randomly assigned. Endpoints were change from baseline to week 26 in HbA1c (primary endpoint) and bodyweight (confirmatory secondary endpoint), assessed in all participants with sufficient data. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02827708, and the European Clinical Trials Registry, number EudraCT 2015-005326-19, and is now complete. Findings: Between Sept 20, 2016, and Sept 29, 2017, of 721 patients screened, 324 were eligible and randomly assigned to oral semaglutide (n=163) or placebo (n=161). Mean age at baseline was 70 years (SD 8), and 168 (52%) of participants were female. 133 (82%) participants in the oral semaglutide group and 141 (88%) in the placebo group completed 26 weeks on treatment. At 26 weeks, oral semaglutide was superior to placebo in decreasing HbA1c (estimated mean change of −1·0 percentage point (SE 0·1; −11 mmol/mol [SE 0·8]) vs −0·2 percentage points (SE 0·1; −2 mmol/mol [SE 0·8]); estimated treatment difference [ETD]: −0·8 percentage points, 95% CI −1·0 to −0·6;

Создание мультфильма-оригами с детьми с тяжелыми нарушениями речи на уроках ручного труда в специальной коррекционной школе 5 вида

The theme of this article is the creation of a cartoon-origami with children with severe speech disorders. The main purpose of the work is to describe the process of creating a cartoon-origami with children with severe speech disorders.Тема данной статьи – создание мультфильма-оригами с детьми с тяжелыми нарушениями речи. Основная цель работы заключается в описании процесса создания мультфильма-оригами с детьми с тяжелыми нарушениями речи

POLYMORPHISM OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CRYOGLOBULINEMIA-RELATED VASCULITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS С VIRUS INFECTION

The authors investigated the clinical picture characteristics and prognostic value of HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis variations. More rapid fibrosis formation was shown in chronic hepatitis С patients with CG as compared with those without CG which allows considering CG the marker of the chronic hepatitis C. It was found that the frequency and severity of some extrahepatic lesions and immunological changes in patients with CG were expressed more greatly than those in patients without CG, and these data were statistically significant. The results obtained confirm the role of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis as an important mechanism for development of systemic lesions in hepatitis-C. The importance of CG as a predictor of the malignant В-cell lymphoproliferation in patients with chronic hepatitis С was proved