4,581 research outputs found
Current-driven destabilization of both collinear configurations in asymmetric spin-valves
Spin transfer torque in spin valves usually destabilizes one of the collinear
configurations (either parallel or antiparallel) and stabilizes the second one.
Apart from this, balance of the spin-transfer and damping torques can lead to
steady precessional modes. In this letter we show that in some asymmetric
nanopillars spin current can destabilize both parallel and antiparallel
configurations. As a result, stationary precessional modes can occur at zero
magnetic field. The corresponding phase diagram as well as frequencies of the
precessional modes have been calculated in the framework of macrospin model.
The relevant spin transfer torque has been calculated in terms of the
macroscopic model based on spin diffusion equations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Natural clustering: the modularity approach
We show that modularity, a quantity introduced in the study of networked
systems, can be generalized and used in the clustering problem as an indicator
for the quality of the solution. The introduction of this measure arises very
naturally in the case of clustering algorithms that are rooted in Statistical
Mechanics and use the analogy with a physical system.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure enlarged versio
Barriers to transport in aperiodically time-dependent two-dimensional velocity fields: Nekhoroshev's theorem and "Nearly Invariant" tori
In this paper we consider fluid transport in two-dimensional flows from the
dynamical systems point of view, with the focus on elliptic behaviour and
aperiodic and finite time dependence. We give an overview of previous work on
general nonautonomous and finite time vector fields with the purpose of
bringing to the attention of those working on fluid transport from the
dynamical systems point of view a body of work that is extremely relevant,
but appears not to be so well known. We then focus on the
KolmogorovāArnoldāMoser (KAM) theorem and the Nekhoroshev theorem. While
there is no finite time or aperiodically time-dependent version of the KAM
theorem, the Nekhoroshev theorem, by its very nature, is a finite time
result, but for a "very long" (i.e. exponentially long with respect to the
size of the perturbation) time interval and provides a rigorous
quantification of "nearly invariant tori" over this very long timescale. We
discuss an aperiodically time-dependent version of the Nekhoroshev theorem
due to Giorgilli and Zehnder (1992) (recently refined by Bounemoura, 2013 and Fortunati and Wiggins, 2013)
which is directly relevant to fluid transport problems. We give a detailed
discussion of issues associated with the applicability of the KAM and
Nekhoroshev theorems in specific flows. Finally, we consider a specific
example of an aperiodically time-dependent flow where we show that the
results of the Nekhoroshev theorem hold
New tests of the pp-wave correspondence.
The pp-wave/SYM correspondence is an equivalence relation, H string = Ī-J , between the hamiltonian H string of string field theory in the pp-wave background and the dilatation operator Ī in = 4 Super Yang-Mills in the double scaling limit. We calculate matrix elements of these operators in string field theory and in gauge theory. In the string theory Hilbert space we use the natural string basis, and in the gauge theory we use the basis which is isomorphic to it. States in this basis are specific linear combinations of the original BMN operators, and were constructed previously for the case of two scalar impurities. We extend this construction to incorporate BMN operators with vector and mixed impurities. This enables us to verify from the gauge theory perspective two key properties of the three-string interaction vertex of Spradlin and Volovich: (1) the vanishing of the three-string amplitude for string states with one vector and one scalar impurity; and (2) the relative minus sign in the string amplitude involving states with two vector impurities compared to that with two scalar impurities. This implies a spontaneous breaking of the 2 symmetry of the string field theory in the pp-wave background. Furthermore, we calculate the gauge theory matrix elements of Ī-J for states with an arbitrary number of scalar impurities. In all cases we find perfect agreement with the corresponding string amplitudes derived from the three-string vertex
Cancer prevention, aerobic capacity, and physical functioning in survivors related to physical activity: a recent review
According to recent published reports, over 12 million new cases of cancer were estimated worldwide for 2007. Estimates from 2008 predict that cancer will account for 22.8% of all deaths in the US. Another report stated 50% to 75% of cancer deaths in the US are related to smoking, poor dietary choices, and physical inactivity. A 2004 report indicated obesity and/or a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing several types of cancer. Conversely, several large-scale cohort studies point to the positive relationship between physical activity and a reduction in cancer risk. In addition, research over the last few years has clearly shown cardiorespiratory benefits, increases in quality of life (QOL), and increases in physical functioning for cancer survivors who engage in exercise programs. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight three areas related to cancer and physical activity. First, information concerning the prevention of cancer through physical activity is addressed. Second, recent studies identifying changes in volume of oxygen uptake (VO2) and/or cardiorespiratory functioning involving exercise with cancer survivors is presented. Third, studies identifying changes in cancer survivorsā physical functional capacity and QOL are presented. Finally, a summary of the review is offered
Some Empirical Criteria for Attributing Creativity to a Computer Program
Peer reviewedPostprin
Preface "Nonlinear processes in oceanic and atmospheric flows"
Nonlinear phenomena are essential ingredients in many oceanic and atmospheric
processes, and successful understanding of them benefits from multidisciplinary
collaboration between oceanographers, meteorologists, physicists and
mathematicians. The present Special Issue on ``Nonlinear Processes in Oceanic
and Atmospheric Flows'' contains selected contributions from attendants to the
workshop which, in the above spirit, was held in Castro Urdiales, Spain, in
July 2008. Here we summarize the Special Issue contributions, which include
papers on the characterization of ocean transport in the Lagrangian and in the
Eulerian frameworks, generation and variability of jets and waves, interactions
of fluid flow with plankton dynamics or heavy drops, scaling in meteorological
fields, and statistical properties of El Ni\~no Southern Oscillation.Comment: This is the introductory article to a Special Issue on "Nonlinear
Processes in Oceanic and Atmospheric Flows'', published in the journal
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, where the different contributions are
summarized. The Special Issue itself is freely available from
http://www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/special_issue103.htm
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