In vitro multiplication of Pogostemon cablin Benth. through direct regeneration

An efficient method was developed to initiate multiple shoots from nodal explants of Pogostemon cablin Benth. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA initiated a mean of 45.66 shoots/nodal explant. Within 4 weeks of initiation, regenerated multiple shoots attained a height of 3.6 cm. Subsequent transfer of these in vitro derived nodal segments onto MS medium supplemented with BA and KN ( 0.5 mg/L), induced mean of 62.45 shoots. Higher concentration of either BA or KN more than 0.5 mg/L resulted in callus proliferation and showed hyperhydric shoots with morphological abnormalities. Rooting was readily achieved upon transfer of shoots on half strength MS medium supplemented with 100mg/L activated charcoal. Rooted shoots, following acclimatization in green house, were successfully transferred to soil with 91% survival. Also shoots regenerated in vitro were directly transplanted to soil and acclimatized. Tissue cultured plants were analyzed for oil content by employing gas chromatography and found that the patterns were similar to mother plants

Transformations of q-boson and q-fermion algebras

We investigate the algebras satisfied by q-deformed boson and fermion oscillators, in particular the transformations of the algebra from one form to another. Based on a specific algebra proposed in recent literature, we show that the algebra of deformed fermions can be transformed to that of undeformed standard fermions. Furthermore we also show that the algebra of q-deformed fermions can be transformed to that of undeformed standard bosons.Comment: 7 pages, RevTe

Log-Domain Current-mode Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator

A log-domain current-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator based on lossless integrators is presented. The circuit is a direct realization of a first-order differential equation for obtaining the lossy and lossless integrators. Each of the log-domain lossless integrators is realized by using only NPN transistors and a grounded capacitor for achieving low-power and fast response. The proposed oscillator uses two-lossless integrator loop which can be electronically tuned through bias currents. A validated BJT model which is used in SPICE simulation operated from a single power supply as low as 2.5V. The oscillation frequency is controlled over four decades of frequency. The total harmonic distortions for two-phases QSO (12MHz) is obtained around 0.93% which enables fully integrated in telecommunication systems. The proposed circuit is also suitable for high-frequency applications. Nonideality studies are included and PSpice simulation results confirm the theoretical results

Spectral Efficiency Maximization of a Single Cell Massive MU-MIMO Down-Link TDD System by Appropriate Resource Allocation

This paper deals with the problem of maximizing the spectral efficiency in a massive multi-user MIMO downlink system, where a base station is equipped with a very large number of antennas and serves single-antenna users simultaneously in the same frequency band, and the beamforming training scheme is employed in the time-division duplex mode. An optimal resource allocation that jointly selects the training duration on uplink transmission, the training signal power on downlink transmission, the training signal power on uplink transmission, and the data signal power on downlink transmission is proposed in such a way that the spectral efficiency is maximized given the total energy budget. Since the spectral efficiency is the main concern of this work, and its calculation using the lower bound on the achievable rate is computationally very intensive, in this paper, we also derive approximate expressions for the lower bound of achievable downlink rate for the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and zero-forcing (ZF) precoders. The computational simplicity and accuracy of the approximate expressions for the lower bound of achievable downlink rate are validated through simulations. By employing these approximate expressions, experiments are conducted to obtain the spectral efficiency of the massive MIMO downlink time-division duplexing system with the optimal resource allocation and that of the beamforming training scheme. It is shown that the spectral efficiency of the former system using the optimal resource allocation is superior to that yielded by the latter scheme in the cases of both MRT and ZF precoders

Studies on the antioxidant properties of Tualang honey of Malaysia

Honey has been used since ancient times for its nutritional as well as curative properties. Tualang honey is collected from wild honey bees’ hives on Tualang trees found in the Malaysian rain forest. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, where its therapeutic value has partly been related to its antioxidant properties. This study therefore assessed the colour intensity, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and antiradical activity of gamma irradiated Tualang Honey. The colour intensity at ABS45O was 489.5 ± 1.7 mAU, total phenolic content was 251.7±7.9 mg gallic acid /Kg honey, total antioxidant activity by FRAP assay was 322.1±9.7 (μM Fe(II)) and the antiradical activity by DPPH assay was 41.30 ± 0.78 (% inhibition). The data confirms that the antioxidant properties of gamma irradiated Tualang honey are similar to other types of honeys reported in the literature.Key words: Tualang honey, Malaysia, Total antioxidant activity, Gamma radiation, Phenolic content, DPPH assa

No Eigenvalue in Finite Quantum Electrodynamics

We re-examine Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) with massless electron as a finite quantum field theory as advocated by Gell-Mann-Low, Baker-Johnson, Adler, Jackiw and others. We analyze the Dyson-Schwinger equation satisfied by the massless electron in finite QED and conclude that the theory admits no nontrivial eigenvalue for the fine structure constant.Comment: 13 pages, Late

Physiological Responses of Hallikar Bullocks for Ploughing Work under Farming Conditions

The study was carried out in eight Hallikar bullocks aged three to five years maintained by the farmers for agricultural work at Manikikere Hosahalli, Tiptur taluk, Tumkur district, Karnataka which comes under the native tract of the breed. The pairs of bullocks were subjected to normal ploughing work followed for the cultivation of ragi crop, a small millet, using country made wooden plough with iron blade attached. Four hours of ploughing work was carried out continuously during morning session. Physiological responses such as heart rate (HR), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR) per minute, ruminal motility (RM) per five minutes and rectal temperature (RT) in degree Fahrenheit were recorded before and after ploughing work. The mean values at pre work and post work were 66.38±0.42 and 90.75±0.98 for HR, 62.92±0.37 and 88.33±0.99 for PR, 26.46±0.64 and 56.75±1.87 for RR, 4.75±0.14 and 4.33±0.13 for RM and 101.10 ± 0.06 and 103.70±0.10 for RT, respectively. The results showed significant (P<0.05) increase of all the physiological parameters except ruminal motility. It was concluded that the physiological changes during ploughing work could be associated with increased metabolism which is required to provide adequate energy and oxygen to the working muscles and also to dissipate heat. Further, the present study throws some light on the welfare measures to be followed for working animals, such as providing adequate nutrition, drinking water facility, shelter and as well as restricting the working hours to four during morning session