Kelimpahan Jenis Bulu Babi (Echinoidea, Leske 1778) Di Rataan Dan Tubir Terumbu Karang Di Perairan Si Jago – Jago, Tapanuli Tengah

Penelitian tentang kelimpahan ikan, moluska dan bentos pada daerah terumbu karang sudah banyak dilakukan, tetapi dalam Kenyataannya belum banyak yang meneliti tentang kelimpahan bulu babi di daerah terumbu karang. Adapun daerah rataan terumbu karang dan tubir terumbu karang adalah sebagai habitat atau tempat hidup dari bulu babi, maka dimungkikan kelimpahan bulu babi pada kedua lokasi tersebut. Aktivitas di perairan Si Jago – Jago baik berupa penangkapan ikan maupun pariwisata diduga telah mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekosistem terumbu karang dan organisme yang berasosiasi di dalamnya khususnya bulu babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan jenis bulu babi (Echinoidea) pada daerah rataan terumbu karang dan tubir terumbu karang di Perairan Si Jago – Jago, Tapanuli Tengah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2012. Metode pengambilan data persentase penutupan terumbu karang menggunakan metode line transek berukuran 30 meter, sedangkan pengambilan data kelimpahan bulu babi (Echinoidea) menggunakan metode kuadran transek berukuran 5 x 5 meter. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa nilai persentase penutupan karang hidup pada daerah rataan terumbu karang sebesar 45,51 %. Sedangkan nilai persentase penutupan karang hidup pada daerah tubir terumbu karang sebesar 46,2 %. Nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Pada daerah rataan terumbu karang didapatkan kelimpahan individu bulu babi sebanyak 298 individu/ 450 meter2, sedangkan kelimpahan individu bulu babi pada daerah tubir terumbu karang sebanyak 122 individu/ 450 meter2. Jenis bulu babi yang ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian yaitu Diadema antilarum, Diadema setosum, dan Echinotrix calamaris. Kelimpahan jenis bulu babi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada daerah rataaan dan tubir adalah jenis Diadema antilarum. Berdasarkan hasil Uji “T” test dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelimpahan jenis bulu babi yang paling tinggi adalah pada daerah rataan terumbu karang. Hal tersebut didapatkan dari nilai signifikasi yaitu 0,043, yang kurang dari < 0,05 sehingga terima H1 tolak H0, bahwa ada perbedaan kelimpahan bulu babi pada daearah rataan dan tubir terumbu karang

Waste management: a qualitative study exploring the perception of food waste management among the community of Pasir Mas

The purpose of this paper is to examine the 2014 post-flood waste management in affected area. For this purpose, Pasir Mas in Kelantan was chosen as the sample area and interviews were conducted with the residents. The interviews aim to gather information about post-flood waste produced,sources of the waste, actions taken by the residents and related authorities bodies to clear the waste, impact of the waste on their living surroundings and health, and assistance needed to manage the waste. A total of 39 respondents consisted of 20 men and 19 women were selected at random for focus group discussion. These respondents represent persons of age 25 years old and above, local and whose living quarters have been affected by the flood. The large volume of mud left by the flood has been identified by the participants as the main source of the post-flood waste. In addition, good cooperation between government agencies and the residents is important to speed up the waste clearing works.However, residents are in much needed support, awareness and education about the impact of long due waste clearing on their health and living environment

Waste management: a qualitative study exploring the perception of flood waste management among the community of Pasir Mas

The purpose of this paper is to examine the 2014 post-flood waste management in affected area. For this purpose, Pasir Mas in Kelantan was chosen as the sample area and interviews were conducted with the residents. The interviews aim to gather information about post-flood waste produced, sources of the waste, actions taken by the residents and related authorities bodies to clear the waste, impact of the waste on their living surroundings and health, and assistance needed to manage the waste. A total of 39 respondents consisted of 20 men and 19 women were selected at random for focus group discussion. These respondents represent persons of age 25 years old and above, local and whose living quarters have been affected by the flood. The large volume of mud left by the flood has been identified by the participants as the main source of the post-flood waste. In addition, good cooperation between government agencies and the residents is important to speed up the waste clearing works. However, residents are in much needed support, awareness and education about the impact of long due waste clearing on their health and living environment

Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world's largest tree genus Syzygium

Acknowledgements Y.W.L. was supported by a postgraduate scholarship research grant from the Ministry of National Development, Singapore awarded through the National Parks Board, Singapore (NParks; NParks’ Garden City Fund). Principal research funding from NParks and the School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, is acknowledged. We thank Peter Preiser, Associate Vice President for Biomedical and Life Sciences, for facilitating NTU support, and Kenneth Er, CEO of NParks, for facilitating research funding through that organisation. V.A.A. and C.L. were funded by SBS, NTU for a one-year research leave. V.A.A. and C.L. also acknowledge support from the United States National Science Foundation (grants 2030871 and 1854550, respectively). S.R. was supported by a postdoctoral research fellowship under the NTU Strategic Plant Programme. S.R. and N.R.W.C. acknowledge funding from NTU start-up and the Academy of Finland (decisions 318288, 319947) grants to J.S. Fieldwork conducted by Y.W.L. was supported by an Indonesian Government RISTEK research permit (Application ID: 1517217008) and an Access License from the Sabah State government [JKM/MBS.1000-2/2JLD.7(84)]. T.N.C.V. is grateful to the Assemblée de la Province Nord and Assemblée de la Province Sud (New Caledonia) for facilitating relevant collection permits. A.N. was partly supported by the Research Project Promotion Grant (Strategic Research Grant No. 17SP01302) from the University of the Ryukyus, and partly by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20204003) from the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. Fieldwork in Fiji conducted by R.B. was hosted and facilitated by Elina Nabubuniyaka-Young (The Pacific Community’s Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees, Fiji). We thank the NTU-Smithsonian Partnership for tree data obtained for the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) long-term forest dynamics plots. Administrative support provided by Mui Hwang Khoo-Woon and Peter Ang at the molecular laboratory of the Singapore Botanic Gardens (SBG) is acknowledged. Rosie Woods and Imalka Kahandawala (DNA and Tissue Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) facilitated additional DNA samples. Daniel Thomas (SBG) and Yan Yu (Sichuan University) commented on biogeographical analyses. NovogeneAIT in Singapore is acknowledged for personalised sequencing service.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world's largest tree genus Syzygium

The relative importance of the mechanisms underlying species radiation remains unclear. Here, the authors combine reference genome assembly and population genetics analyses to show that neutral forces have contributed to the radiation of the most species-rich tree genus Syzygium. Species radiations, despite immense phenotypic variation, can be difficult to resolve phylogenetically when genetic change poorly matches the rapidity of diversification. Genomic potential furnished by palaeopolyploidy, and relative roles for adaptation, random drift and hybridisation in the apportionment of genetic variation, remain poorly understood factors. Here, we study these aspects in a model radiation, Syzygium, the most species-rich tree genus worldwide. Genomes of 182 distinct species and 58 unidentified taxa are compared against a chromosome-level reference genome of the sea apple, Syzygium grande. We show that while Syzygium shares an ancient genome doubling event with other Myrtales, little evidence exists for recent polyploidy events. Phylogenomics confirms that Syzygium originated in Australia-New Guinea and diversified in multiple migrations, eastward to the Pacific and westward to India and Africa, in bursts of speciation visible as poorly resolved branches on phylogenies. Furthermore, some sublineages demonstrate genomic clines that recapitulate cladogenetic events, suggesting that stepwise geographic speciation, a neutral process, has been important in Syzygium diversification.Peer reviewe

Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world’s largest tree genus Syzygium

Species radiations, despite immense phenotypic variation, can be difficult to resolve phylogenetically when genetic change poorly matches the rapidity of diversification. Genomic potential furnished by palaeopolyploidy, and relative roles for adaptation, random drift and hybridisation in the apportionment of genetic variation, remain poorly understood factors. Here, we study these aspects in a model radiation, Syzygium, the most species-rich tree genus worldwide. Genomes of 182 distinct species and 58 unidentified taxa are compared against a chromosome-level reference genome of the sea apple, Syzygium grande. We show that while Syzygium shares an ancient genome doubling event with other Myrtales, little evidence exists for recent polyploidy events. Phylogenomics confirms that Syzygium originated in Australia-New Guinea and diversified in multiple migrations, eastward to the Pacific and westward to India and Africa, in bursts of speciation visible as poorly resolved branches on phylogenies. Furthermore, some sublineages demonstrate genomic clines that recapitulate cladogenetic events, suggesting that stepwise geographic speciation, a neutral process, has been important in Syzygium diversification