ЗАГАЛЬНОНАУКОВІ МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ РЯТУВАЛЬНИКІВ

The general scientific methodological approaches (systemic, synergetic and holistic) to formation of future rescuers' professional readiness for working in extreme conditions are determined and theoretically substantiated. Systemic approach requires to consider future rescuers' professional training as a single system. Synergetic approach enables to simulate the self-organization of the educational process and to predict the development of personality in the professional field. Holistic approach defines a coherent concept of the activities in the field of human security and their directions.Визначено та теоретично обґрунтовано загальнонаукові методологічні підходи до формування професійної готовності майбутніх рятувальників до діяльності в екстремальних умовах, а саме: системний, що вимагає розглядати процес професійної підготовки майбутніх рятувальників як єдину систему; синергетичний, що дає змогу змоделювати самоорганізацію освітнього процесу та прогнозувати розвиток особистості у професійній царині; цілісний, що визначає цілісне уявлення про напрями діяльності фахівців у галузі безпеки людини

Deuteron Momentum Distribution in KD2HPO4

The momentum distribution in KD2PO4(DKDP) has been measured using neutron Compton scattering above and below the weakly first order paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition(T=229K). There is very litte difference between the two distributions, and no sign of the coherence over two locations for the proton observed in the paraelectric phase, as in KH2PO4(KDP). We conclude that the tunnel splitting must be much less than 20mev. The width of the distribution indicates that the effective potential for DKDP is significantly softer than that for KDP. As electronic structure calculations indicate that the stiffness of the potential increases with the size of the coherent region locally undergoing soft mode fluctuations, we conclude that there is a mass dependent quantum coherence length in both systems.Comment: 6 pages 5 figure

Electron source with a multi-apertured plasma emitter

In the present study, we investigated the energy efficiency of an electron source with a multi-aperture plasma emitter where the generated beam is extracted into the atmosphere through a thin metal foil. The boundary of the plasma produced in this type of emitter is stabilized with a fine metal grid. To prevent the loss of electrons at the circle-holed support grid of the extraction foil window, a metal mask with holes of smaller diameter arranged coaxially to the support grid holes is put on the emission grid. Thus, the electron beam is a superposition of beamlets formed by individual electron emitting units with the plasma boundary stabilized by the fine metal grid. The efficiency of current extraction from the acceleration gap into the atmosphere reached 75% with respect to the gap current, making possible to increase the average power of the extracted electron beam. With a 200-kV accelerating voltage, a 16-A current in the acceleration gap, and 40 µs FWHM pulse duration, 4 kW of the average beam power was extracted into the atmosphere from the acceleration gap. With the geometric transparency of the support grid of the extraction foil window equal to 56%, this made 65% of the beam power in the gap. Further increasing the beam power was limited by the power of the high-voltage power supply

Angular distribution studies on the two-photon ionization of hydrogen-like ions: Relativistic description

The angular distribution of the emitted electrons, following the two-photon ionization of the hydrogen-like ions, is studied within the framework of second order perturbation theory and the Dirac equation. Using a density matrix approach, we have investigated the effects which arise from the polarization of the incoming light as well as from the higher multipoles in the expansion of the electron--photon interaction. For medium- and high-Z ions, in particular, the non-dipole contributions give rise to a significant change in the angular distribution of the emitted electrons, if compared with the electric-dipole approximation. This includes a strong forward emission while, in dipole approxmation, the electron emission always occurs symmetric with respect to the plane which is perpendicular to the photon beam. Detailed computations for the dependence of the photoelectron angular distributions on the polarization of the incident light are carried out for the ionization of H, Xe$^{53+}$, and U$^{91+}$ (hydrogen-like) ions.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, published in J Phys

LAPW frozen-phonon calculation, shell model lattice dynamics and specific-heat measurement of SnO

An ab-initio Linear Augmented Plane-Wave (LAPW) calculation of the zone-centered phonon frequencies of SnO has been performed. E$_g$ symmetry has been ascribed to the mode observed at 113 cm$^{-1}$ in Raman measurements, discarding a previous B$_{1g}$ assignement. The other phonon modes measured by Raman spectroscopy are also well reproduced. A new shell-model has also been developed, that gives good agreement of the zone-centered frequencies compared to the measured data and the LAPW results. Specific heat measurements have been performed between 5 K and 110 K. Computation of the specific heat and the M\"{o}ssbauer recoilless fraction with the improved shell-model shows a good agreement with the experimental data as a function of temperature.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure. to appear in Phys. Rev. B (November 1999

БАНКІВСЬКИЙ МАРКЕТИНГ У КОНКУРЕНТНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ. (BANK MARKETING IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT.)

Досліджено роль банківського маркетингу у вивченні та сегментації ринку, просуванні банківських продуктів на ринку при максимальному задоволенні потреб клієнтів. (The role of the bank marketing is investigational in a study and market segmentation, advancement of bank foods to the capital market at maximal satisfaction of necessities of clients.

Investigation of the stability of the electron source with a multi-aperture plasma emitter generating a large cross-section electron beam

An experiment was performed to investigate the electric strength of the high-voltage acceleration gap of an electron source with a multi-aperture plasma emitter generating a beam of large cross section (750•150 mm{2}) extracted into the atmosphere through a thin metal foil. It has been shown that the use of a mask in the plasma emitter which partitions the overall emission region to produce a plurality of small-cross-section beamlets, so that the extracted beam is a superposition of beamlets formed by individual emission units whose plasma boundary is stabilized by a fine metal grid, increases the electric strength of the high-voltage acceleration gap. This is of critical importance in cases where the electron source is operated in a repetitive pulse mode at high average power of the beam. In addition, an increase in the electric strength of the acceleration gap is promoted by that the modernized cathode assemblies of the plasma emitter are arranged normal to the axis along which electrons are extracted into the acceleration gap

A Role for the S0 Transmembrane Segment in Voltage-dependent Gating of BK Channels

BK (Maxi-K) channel activity is allosterically regulated by a Ca2+ sensor, formed primarily by the channel's large cytoplasmic carboxyl tail segment, and a voltage sensor, formed by its transmembrane helices. As with other voltage-gated K channels, voltage sensing in the BK channel is accomplished through interactions of the S1–S4 transmembrane segments with the electric field. However, the BK channel is unique in that it contains an additional amino-terminal transmembrane segment, S0, which is important in the functional interaction between BK channel α and β subunits. In this study, we used perturbation mutagenesis to analyze the role of S0 in channel gating. Single residues in the S0 region of the BK channel were substituted with tryptophan to give a large change in side chain volume; native tryptophans in S0 were substituted with alanine. The effects of the mutations on voltage- and Ca2+-dependent gating were quantified using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Three of the S0 mutants (F25W, L26W, and S29W) showed especially large shifts in their conductance–voltage (G-V) relations along the voltage axis compared to wild type. The G-V shifts for these mutants persisted at nominally 0 Ca2+, suggesting that these effects cannot arise simply from altered Ca2+ sensitivity. The basal open probabilities for these mutants at hyperpolarized voltages (where voltage sensor activation is minimal) were similar to wild type, suggesting that these mutations may primarily perturb voltage sensor function. Further analysis using the dual allosteric model for BK channel gating showed that the major effects of the F25W, L26W, and S29W mutations could be accounted for primarily by decreasing the equilibrium constant for voltage sensor movement. We conclude that S0 may make functional contact with other transmembrane regions of the BK channel to modulate the equilibrium between resting and active states of the channel's voltage sensor

Metabolic syndrome: review

The psychosomatic component of the metabolic syndrome, historical aspect of the problem under study, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of pathogenesis are considered in the article. The symptomatic components of the metabolic syndrome and their interrelation are outlined, the ways of diagnosis and therapy and  directions of modern research in this field are outlined

High capacity in G protein-coupled receptor signaling.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large family of receptors that activate intracellular signaling pathways upon detecting specific extracellular ligands. While many aspects of GPCR signaling have been uncovered through decades of studies, some fundamental properties, like its channel capacity-a measure of how much information a given transmission system can reliably transduce-are still debated. Previous studies concluded that GPCRs in individual cells could transmit around one bit of information about the concentration of the ligands, allowing only for a reliable on or off response. Using muscarinic receptor-induced calcium response measured in individual cells upon repeated stimulation, we show that GPCR signaling systems possess a significantly higher capacity. We estimate the channel capacity of this system to be above two, implying that at least four concentration levels of the agonist can be distinguished reliably. These findings shed light on the basic principles of GPCR signaling