22 research outputs found
Efekti probiotika na Campylobacter jejuni i Salmonella spp. u odnosu na meso i organe zaklanih brojlera
Our research deals with the effects of probiotics on Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. with respect to the meat and organs of slaughtered chickens. For the scope of our experiment, we used 250 one-day old chicks, divided into 5 groups. Initially, control chicken group was fed with feed not containing probiotics. Other groups were fed with feed containing different probiotics. Fattening-intended food was standardized for all groups. All chicken groups were exposed to the same ambient conditions. Following 42 days period of fattening, chickens were slaughtered. We took 30 samples of liver, intestine and swabs from perianal region for the needs of bacteriological examination. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. were determined by selective media. On the basis of obtained results, we can say that the application of probiotics in chicken feed reduces considerably the onset of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. in meat and organs.NaÅ”e istraživanje predstavlja efekte probiotika na Campylobacter jejuni i Salmonella spp. u odnosu na meso i organe zaklanih piliÄa. U eksperimentu je koriÅ”Äeno 250 jednodnevnih brojlera, podeljenih u 5 grupa. Kontrolna grupa brojlera hranjena je smeÅ”ama bez probiotika. Brojleri ostalih grupa hranjeni su smeÅ”ama sa dodatkom razliÄitih probiotika. SmeÅ”e za ishranu bile su standardne za svaku grupu, a brojleri svih grupa su držani pod istim uslovima. Posle 42 dana tova, brojleri su zaklani i uzeto je 30 uzoraka jetre, creva i briseva iz perianalne regije za bakterioloÅ”ko ispitivanje prisustva Campylobacter spp. i Salmonella spp., Prisustvo ovih mikroorganizama je utvrÄeno na selektivnim podlogama. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, može se reÄi da upotreba probiotika u ishrani brojlera redukuje Campylobacter spp. i Salmonella spp. u mesu i organima
EvaluaciĆ³n de la inuencia del ciclo vital en la producciĆ³n de los productos de carne de cerdo sobre el medio ambiente
The objective of this paper was to assess the environmental performance of the production of pork products in Serbia. Life cycle assessment calculations have been performed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts from a cradle-to-grave perspective covering four subsystems: āpig housing farmā, āslaughterhouseā, āmeat processing plantā and āwaste and waste water treatmentā. Structured survey has been conducted in order to collect life cycle inventory input data. Six environmental impact potentials were calculated in this study: global
warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog and human toxicity. The global warming potential associated with the production of 1 kg of pork products is 9.04 kg CO2eq. Acidification potential within the pork meat chain is 9.874 x 10-3 kg SO2eq while the eutrophication potential is 0.0151 kg PO4eq. The largest contributor to the environmental profile of meat production within the pork meat chain is the production of feed and manure management. Contributions of the processing plants are mainly due to water and energy requirement and use of refrigerants in the cold chain.Cilj je ovog rada bio procijeniti utjecaj proizvodnje proizvoda od svinjetine u Srbiji na okoliÅ”. IzraÄuni za procjenu životnog ciklusa provedeni su kako bi identi.cirali i kvanti.cirali utjecaj na okoliÅ” po naÄelu āod kolijevke do grobaā, koji obuhvaÄa Äetiri podsustava: āfarmu za uzgoj svinjaā, āklaonicuā, pogone za preradu mesaā i āpogon za zbrinjavanje otpada i otpadnih vodaā. U cilju prikupljanja ulaznih podataka inventara životnog ciklusa provedeno je strukturirano istraživanje. Navedenim smo istraživanjem procijenili Å”est potencijalnih utjecaja na okoliÅ”: potencijal globalnog zatopljenja, potencijal akiseljavanja, potencijal eutro.kacije, potencijal razaranja ozona, potencijal stvaranja fotokemijskog smoga i toksiÄnost za Äovjeka. Potencijal globalnog zatopljenja povezan s proizvodnjom 1 kg proizvoda od svinjetine iznosi 9,04 kg CO2Eq. Potencijal zakiseljavanja unutar lanca svinjskog mesa iznosi 9,874 x 10-3 kg SO2Eq, a potencijal eutro.kacije 0,0151 kg PO4Eq. Na okoliÅ” u lancu svinjskog mesa tijekom proizvodnje najviÅ”e utjeÄu proizvodnja stoÄne hrane i upravljanje gnojivom. Utjecaj pogona za preradu uglavnom se odnosi na zahtjeve za vodu i energiju te uporabu rashladnih sustava u hladnom lancu.Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Ein!uss der Herstellung von Schweine!eischprodukten in Serbien auf die Umwelt zu bewerten. Berechungen fĆ¼r die Bewertung des Lebenszyklus wurden vorgenommen, um die Umweltein!Ć¼sse zu identi.zieren und quanti.zieren, nach dem Grundsatz āvon der Wiege bis zum Grabeā, der vier Teilsysteme umfasst: āSchweinezuchtbetriebā, āSchlachtbetriebā, āFleischverarbeitungsbetriebā und āAbfall- und Abwasserentsorgungsbetriebā. Um Eingangsdaten Ć¼ber das Lebenszyklusinventar zu sammeln, wurde eine strukturierte Untersuchung durchgefĆ¼hrt. In der genannten Untersuchung haben wir sechs potentielle Umweltein!Ć¼sse ausgewertet: Potential der globalen ErwƤrmung, Potential der Versauerung, Potential der Eutrophierung, Potential der Ozonzerstƶrung, Potential der Entstehung von Sommersmog und ToxizitƤt fĆ¼r den Menschen. Das Potential der globalen ErwƤrmung, das mit der Herstellung von 1 kg Schweine!eischprodukten verbunden ist, betrƤgt 9,04 kg CO2Eq. Das Potential der Versauerung innerhalb der Schweine!eischkette belƤuft sich auf 9,874 x 10-3 kg SO2Eq und das Potential der Eutrophierung auf 0,0151 kg PO4Eq. Der grƶĆte Ein!uss in der Fleischkette wƤhrend der Herstellung haben die Produktion von Viehfutter und die Verwaltung von DĆ¼ngemitteln. Die Auswirkung des Verarbeitungsbetriebs bezieht sich grƶĆtenteils auf die Wasser- und Energieanforderungen und den Einsatz von KĆ¼hlmitteln in der KĆ¼hlkette.Obiettivo di questo studio Ä quello di valutare lāincidenza della produzione dei prodotti di carne suina sullāambiente in Serbia. I rilevamenti per la valutazione del ciclo vitale sono stati eseguiti ai .ni dellāidenti.cazione e della quanti.cazione dellāincidenza sullāambiente in base al principio ādalla culla alla tombaā, comprendente quattro sottosistemi: āimpianto dāallevamento di suiniā, āmacello/mattatoioā, āimpianto di lavorazione delle carniā e āimpianto per lo smaltimento dei ri.uti e delle acque reueā. Ai .ni della raccolta dei dati dāingresso dellāinventario del ciclo vitale animale, Ä stata eseguita una ricerca strutturata. Mediante detta ricerca, abbiamo valutato sei potenziali fattori dāincidenza sullāambiente: il potenziale di riscaldamento globale, il potenziale di acidi.cazione, il potenziale di eutro.zzazione, il potenziale di degrado
dellāozono, il potenziale di creazione dello smog fotochimico e di tossicitÅ per lāuomo. Il potenziale di riscaldamento globale legato alla produzione di 1 kg di prodotti di carne suina Ä pari a 9,04 kg CO2Eq. Il potenziale di acidicazione nellāambito della catena di produzione della carne suina Ä pari a 9,874 x 10-3 kg SO2Eq, mentre il potenziale di eutro.zzazione Äpari a 0,0151 kg PO4Eq. Sullāambiente, nel nellāambito della catena della carne suina, nel corso della produzione, incidono maggiormente la produzione del mangime e la gestione del concime. Lāincidenza dellāimpianto di lavorazione delle carni si riferisce in prevalenza alle esigenze di acqua ed energia e allāuso di sistemi di ra#reddamento nella catena del freddo.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la inuencia de la producciĆ³n de los productos de carne de cerdo en Serbia sobre el medio ambiente. Los cĆ”lculos para evaluar el ciclo vital fueron hechos para identi.car y cuanti.car la inuencia sobre el medio ambiente segĆŗn el principio āāde la cuna a la tumbaāā, el cual incluye cuatro subsistemas: āla planta para crianza de cerdosā, āel mataderoā, la planta para el procesamiento de carneā y āla planta para deposito de residuos y aguas residualesā. Fue hecha una investigaciĆ³n estructurada el .n de recoger los datos de entrada del inventario del ciclo vital fue hecha una. Con la investigaciĆ³n mencionada evaluamos seis potenciales impactos sobre el medio
ambiente: el potencial de calentamiento global, el potencial de acidi.caciĆ³n, el potencial de eutro.zaciĆ³n, el potencial de destrucciĆ³n de la capa de ozono, el potencial de formaciĆ³n de esmog fotoquĆmico y toxicidad para los seres humanos. El potencial de calentamiento global conectado con la producciĆ³n de 1 kg del producto de carne de cerdo es 9,04 kg CO2Eq. El potencial de acidi.caciĆ³n dentro de la cadena de carne de cerdo es 9,874 x 10-3 kg SO2Eq y el potencial de eutro.zaciĆ³n es 0,0151 kg PO4Eq. Dentro de la cadena de carne de cerdo los que mĆ”s inuyen sobre el medio ambiente son la producciĆ³n del pienso y la gestiĆ³n del estiĆ©rcol. La inuencia de la planta para el procesamiento de carne se re.ere principalmente a la demanda de agua y energĆa, y el uso de los sistemas de enfriamiento en la cadena de frĆo
Proizvodni rezultati u tovu brojlera hybro G+ provenijencije
In this paper are presented the growth performances (live weight, average daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio) of broilers Hybro G+ provenience. Feeding, zoohygienic and zootechnical measures met technological normative for this provenience. Broilers were fed with the complete feed mixtures (producer 'Dren', Novi Sad) with added anticoccidial salinomycine in the amount of 66 mg/kg up to 35. day of fattening. In last week of the fattening period, salinomycine was not added (drug waiting period is 5 days). Live weight of broilers at the end of trial was 1959.74 g to 2750.48 g (average 2340.62 g). During the fattening period, average daily weight gain was 54.70 Ā± 5.03 g; it was in the range 45.71-64.39 g. Average daily feed consumption was 87.97 g for all fattening period and feed conversion ratio was 87.97 g.U radu su prikazani proizvodni rezultati (masa brojlera tokom tova, proseÄan dnevni prirast i utroÅ”ak hrane, konverzija hrane) brojlera Hybro G+ provenijencije. Ishrana, smeÅ”taj, zoohigijenske i zootehniÄke mere odgovarale su tehnoloÅ”kim normativima za ovu provenijenciju. Brojleri su hranjeni potpunim krmnim smeÅ”ama (proizvoÄaÄ 'Dren', Novi Sad) kojima je dodat antikokcidijal salinomicin u koliÄini od 66 mg/kg, do 35. dana tova. U smeÅ”e koriÅ”Äene za poslednju nedelju tova, salinomicin nije dodat da bi se ispoÅ”tovala karenca leka koja za pileÄe meso iznosi 5 dana. ProseÄna masa brojlera na kraju tova bila je od 1959,74 g do 2750,48 g (proseÄno 2340,62 g). Za ceo period tova, proseÄan dnevni prirast brojlera bio je 54,70 Ā± 5,03 g, odnosno bio je u opsegu od 45,71 do 64,39 g. ProseÄan dnevni utroÅ”ak hrane bio je 87,97 g za ceo period tova, a konverzija hrane 1,76
Prediction of metabolisable energy of poultry feeds by estimating in vitro organic matter digestibility
The aim of this study was to develop equations to predict the in vivo apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of poultry feeds using an in vitro method for estimation of organic matter digestibility. In this study, a total of 57 samples of feedstuffs and 23 samples complete diets for poultry were used. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), crude fat (CFat) and crude ash (CA) of the diets were determined. A modified method for estimating the enzymatic digestibility of organic matter (EDOM) was used. For the determination of in vivo ME, the rooster digestibility assay was followed. Obtained laboratory results, that is in vitro and proximate analysis values were regressed against the in vivo ME values and equations for predicting the in vivo ME of feeds for poultry have been derived. Using CA, CF, CFat and in vitro EDOM as predictors, the following equation for predicting the in vivo ME in poultry feeds was derived: ME (MJ/kg DM) = 5.46 ā 0.2166 x CA ā 0.0946 x CF + 0.2219 x CFat + 0.1054 x EDOM (R2 = 0.844, RSD = 1.10). Using only EDOM as predictor generated the equation: ME (MJ/kg DM) = -0.41 + 0.1769 x EDOM (R2 = 0.689; RSD = 1.63). Results show that using only EDOM as a predictor was not as accurate as when the other variables were included.Key words: Metabolisable energy, prediction, poultry, feeds, organic matter digestibilit
Activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in the blood of patients with liver echinococcosis
Background/Aim. Chronic echinococcocal disease is the parasite human disease caused by the penetration of larval (asexual) stages of the canine tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus) in the liver of humans. After the penetration of the parasite, the host organism react by activating complement- depending immune response. The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of larval form of Echinococcus granulosus in the liver on the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in the blood of patients before and after the surgical intervention. Methods. We investigated the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes: copper/zinc containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the blood of patients before and after the surgical intervention in respect to the controls, clinically healthy persons. Results. Our results showed that the activity of the GSH-Px was significantly decreased in the plasma of the patients with echinocococal disease before the surgery in respect to the controls. The activity of GST was significantly higher in the blood of the patients after the surgery in comparison to the controls. Conclusion. Chronic liver echinoccocal disease caused significant changes of some antioxidative defense enzymes, first of all Se-dependent enzyme GSH-Px, which could be a suitabile biomarker in the biochemical evaluation of the disease. This work represents a first comprehensive study of the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in cronic liver echinococcocosis in the patients before and after the surgical intervention in respect to the clinically healthy persons
Changes in chemical and physicochemical characteristics during the production of traditional Sremska sausage
The aim of this trial was to investigate changes in chemical and physic-chemical parameters during the production of traditional Sremska sausage (dry fermented sausage) from pork of three pig breeds: Mangalitsa (MA), Moravka (MO) and Swedish Landrace (SL). Analyses of all variants of sausages were carried out after stuffing (day 0) and on production days 3, 7, 14 and 21. The reduction in moisture during production caused the increase in protein, fat and ash contents (p<0.001) in all three variants of sausages, were found to be within the range for this type of sausages. Higher fat content in MA and MO sausages compared to SL variant was most likely a result of the different chemical composition of the meat from pigs of autochthonous breeds. All three sausage variants had a similar final pH value, but the mildest drop of pH was determined in MA sausages. Pig breed significantly affected (p<0.05) all three indicators of oxidative changes (thiobarbituric acid value, peroxide value and free fatty acid content). It was found that they were higher in SL compared with MA and MO sausages and to significantly increase during the production process
Activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in the blood of patients with liver echinococcosis
Background/Aim. Chronic echinococcocal disease is the parasite human disease caused by the penetration of larval (asexual) stages of the canine tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus) in the liver of humans. After the penetration of the parasite, the host organism react by activating complement- depending immune response. The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of larval form of Echinococcus granulosus in the liver on the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in the blood of patients before and after the surgical intervention. Methods. We investigated the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes: copper/zinc containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the blood of patients before and after the surgical intervention in respect to the controls, clinically healthy persons. Results. Our results showed that the activity of the GSH-Px was significantly decreased in the plasma of the patients with echinocococal disease before the surgery in respect to the controls. The activity of GST was significantly higher in the blood of the patients after the surgery in comparison to the controls. Conclusion. Chronic liver echinoccocal disease caused significant changes of some antioxidative defense enzymes, first of all Se-dependent enzyme GSH-Px, which could be a suitabile biomarker in the biochemical evaluation of the disease. This work represents a first comprehensive study of the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in cronic liver echinococcocosis in the patients before and after the surgical intervention in respect to the clinically healthy persons.Uvod/Cilj. Ehinokokusna bolest je parazitno oboljenje koje nastaje prodorom larvene forme pseÄe pantljiÄare (Echinococcus granulosus) u jetru Äoveka, pri Äemu dolazi do reakcije domaÄina koji se brani od infektivnog agensa aktivacijom sistema komplementa i komplement-zavisnim imunim odgovorom. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi da li razvoj larvenog oblika pseÄe pantljiÄare (Echinococcus granulosus) u jetri ima uticaja na aktivnost enzima sistema zaÅ”tite od oksidacionih oÅ”teÄenja u krvi obolelih pre i posle operativnog zahvata. Metode. Ispitivane su promene aktivnosti enzima sistema zaÅ”tite od oksidacionih oÅ”teÄenja: bakar/cink sadržavajuÄe superoksid-dismutaze (CuZn SOD), katalaze (CAT), glutation-peroksidaze (GSH-Px), glutation-reduktaze (GR) i glutation-S-transferaze (GST) u krvi obolelih od ehinokokusne bolesti jetre pre i posle operacije u odnosu na kontrolne, kliniÄki zdrave osobe. Rezultati. Ustanovljen je statistiÄki znaÄajan pad aktivnosti enzima GSH-Px u plazmi bolesnika obolelih od ehinokokusne bolesti jetre pre operacije u odnosu na kontrolu. Aktivnost enzima GST bila je statistiÄki znaÄajno poveÄana u krvi obolelih od hroniÄne ehinokokusne bolesti jetre posle operacije u odnosu na kontrolne vrednosti. ZakljuÄak. HroniÄna ehinokokusna bolest jetre izaziva promene aktivnosti nekih enzima sistema zaÅ”tite od oksidacionih oÅ”teÄenja, pre svega Se-zavisnog enzima GSH-Px, Å”to može predstavljati dobar biomarker u daljoj biohemijskoj evaluaciji ove bolesti. Prema dostupnim podacima ovaj rad predstavlja prvu studiju aktivnosti enzima sistema zaÅ”tite od oksidacionih oÅ”teÄenja kod obolelih od hroniÄne ehinokokusne bolesti jetre pre i posle operacije u odnosu na kontrolne, kliniÄki zdrave osobe.nul
Activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in the blood of patients with liver echinococcosis
Background/Aim. Chronic echinococcocal disease is the parasite human disease caused by the penetration of larval (asexual) stages of the canine tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus) in the liver of humans. After the penetration of the parasite, the host organism react by activating complement- depending immune response. The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of larval form of Echinococcus granulosus in the liver on the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in the blood of patients before and after the surgical intervention. Methods. We investigated the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes: copper/zinc containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the blood of patients before and after the surgical intervention in respect to the controls, clinically healthy persons. Results. Our results showed that the activity of the GSH-Px was significantly decreased in the plasma of the patients with echinocococal disease before the surgery in respect to the controls. The activity of GST was significantly higher in the blood of the patients after the surgery in comparison to the controls. Conclusion. Chronic liver echinoccocal disease caused significant changes of some antioxidative defense enzymes, first of all Se-dependent enzyme GSH-Px, which could be a suitabile biomarker in the biochemical evaluation of the disease. This work represents a first comprehensive study of the activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in cronic liver echinococcocosis in the patients before and after the surgical intervention in respect to the clinically healthy persons.Uvod/Cilj. Ehinokokusna bolest je parazitno oboljenje koje nastaje prodorom larvene forme pseÄe pantljiÄare (Echinococcus granulosus) u jetru Äoveka, pri Äemu dolazi do reakcije domaÄina koji se brani od infektivnog agensa aktivacijom sistema komplementa i komplement-zavisnim imunim odgovorom. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi da li razvoj larvenog oblika pseÄe pantljiÄare (Echinococcus granulosus) u jetri ima uticaja na aktivnost enzima sistema zaÅ”tite od oksidacionih oÅ”teÄenja u krvi obolelih pre i posle operativnog zahvata. Metode. Ispitivane su promene aktivnosti enzima sistema zaÅ”tite od oksidacionih oÅ”teÄenja: bakar/cink sadržavajuÄe superoksid-dismutaze (CuZn SOD), katalaze (CAT), glutation-peroksidaze (GSH-Px), glutation-reduktaze (GR) i glutation-S-transferaze (GST) u krvi obolelih od ehinokokusne bolesti jetre pre i posle operacije u odnosu na kontrolne, kliniÄki zdrave osobe. Rezultati. Ustanovljen je statistiÄki znaÄajan pad aktivnosti enzima GSH-Px u plazmi bolesnika obolelih od ehinokokusne bolesti jetre pre operacije u odnosu na kontrolu. Aktivnost enzima GST bila je statistiÄki znaÄajno poveÄana u krvi obolelih od hroniÄne ehinokokusne bolesti jetre posle operacije u odnosu na kontrolne vrednosti. ZakljuÄak. HroniÄna ehinokokusna bolest jetre izaziva promene aktivnosti nekih enzima sistema zaÅ”tite od oksidacionih oÅ”teÄenja, pre svega Se-zavisnog enzima GSH-Px, Å”to može predstavljati dobar biomarker u daljoj biohemijskoj evaluaciji ove bolesti. Prema dostupnim podacima ovaj rad predstavlja prvu studiju aktivnosti enzima sistema zaÅ”tite od oksidacionih oÅ”teÄenja kod obolelih od hroniÄne ehinokokusne bolesti jetre pre i posle operacije u odnosu na kontrolne, kliniÄki zdrave osobe.nul
POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS OF 2-OXO-CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
The aim of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for clearance of 2-oxo-clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by using 72 plasma concentrations from the same number of patients (mean age of 60.82Ā±10.76 years; total body weight (TBW) of 73.63Ā±9.67 kg) with ACS using non-linear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM). Validation of the final PPK model was carried out through the bootstrap analysis with 200 runs and it was used to estimate the predictive performance of the pharmacokinetic model. The typical mean value for 2-oxo-clopidogrel clearance (CL), estimated by the base model (without covariates), in our population was 39.2 l hā1.The value of aspartate transaminase and co-medication with digoxin were determinants of a derived population model. The final regression model for the clearance of 2-oxo-clopidogrel was the following: CL (lh-1) = 1.7 + 1.31*AST + 115*DIGOXIN. The derived PK model describes the clearance of 2-oxo-clopidogrel in patients with ACS, showing that the value of aspartate transaminase and co-medication with digoxin are the most important covariate. This finding will provide the basis for future PK studies
Beyond punitiveness? Governance of crime and authoritarian heritage in Serbia
This article sets out to examine the degree to which democratic transition in Serbia after 2000 has brought about a democratic mode of crime governance in the country. It is shown that while penal norms and policies have undergone a significant degree of democratization in that their outlook has tended not to be punitive, the judiciary (and, to some degree, other actors in the penal field) has been increasingly inclined towards punitive practices. Taking an institutional approach to explain this discrepancy, the article argues that pockets of authoritarianism in the executive have survived the transition to democracy and have continued to exert pressure on the judiciary in ways that have influenced judicial decision-making towards greater punitiveness