2,494 research outputs found
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Study of the dynamic tear film aberrations using a curvature sensing setup
The advancement in adaptive optics in recent years has increased the interest in the dynamic aberrations of the eye, including those introduced by the first optical surface provided by the tear film. A curvature sensing system to measure the dynamic topography of the tear film is described. This optical system was used to measure the aberrations of the tear film on 14 eyes. The evolution of this surface is monitored through videos of the tear film topography. The effect on optical quality is studied from the time-evolution of the RMS wavefront error showing non-negligible aberration variations attributed to the tear film layer; the effect of tear film break-up on the ocular optical quality is also discussed. Furthermore, the aberration maps are decomposed into their constituent Zernike components showing stronger contributions from 4th order terms, and also from those components with vertical symmetry which can be attributed to the effect of the eye lids on the tear film. Finally, the power spectra of the RMS wavefront error evolution show that the strongest contributions of the tear film aberrations are to be found at low frequencies, typically below 2Hz
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Curvature sensor for the measurement of the static corneal topography and the dynamic tear film topography in the human eye
A system to measure the topography of the first optical surface of the human eye noninvasively by using a curvature sensor is described. The static corneal topography and the dynamic topography of the tear film can both be measured, and the topographies obtained are presented. The system makes possible the study of the dynamic aberrations introduced by the tear film to determine their contribution to the overall ocular aberrations in healthy eyes, eyes with corneal pathologies, and eyes wearing contact lenses
Skyrmions and the Nuclear Force
The derivation of the nucleon-nucleon force from the Skyrme model is
reexamined. Starting from previous results for the potential energy of
quasistatic solutions, we show that a calculation using the Born-Oppenheimer
approximation properly taking into account the mixing of nucleon resonances,
leads to substantial central attraction. We obtain a potential that is in
qualitative agreement with phenomenological potentials. We also study the
non-adiabatic corrections, such as the velocity dependent transition
potentials, and discuss their importance.Comment: 24 pages, UPR-0124M
Fermi gamma-ray `bubbles' from stochastic acceleration of electrons
Gamma-ray data from Fermi-LAT reveal a bi-lobular structure extending up to
50 degrees above and below the galactic centre, which presumably originated in
some form of energy release there less than a few million years ago. It has
been argued that the gamma-rays arise from hadronic interactions of high energy
cosmic rays which are advected out by a strong wind, or from inverse-Compton
scattering of relativistic electrons accelerated at plasma shocks present in
the bubbles. We explore the alternative possibility that the relativistic
electrons are undergoing stochastic 2nd-order Fermi acceleration by plasma wave
turbulence through the entire volume of the bubbles. The observed gamma-ray
spectral shape is then explained naturally by the resulting hard electron
spectrum and inverse Compton losses. Rather than a constant volume emissivity
as in other models, we predict a nearly constant surface brightness, and
reproduce the observed sharp edges of the bubbles.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; REVTeX4-1; discussion amended and one figure
added; to appear in PR
Climate change, water and agriculture in the Greater Mekong subregion
Climate change / Adaptation / Indicators / Water resource management / River basins / Water availability / Water quality / Groundwater / Fisheries / Ecosystems / Water power / Population growth / Land use / Biofuels / Sea level / South East Asia / Cambodia / Laos / Myanmar / Thailand / Vietnam / China / Greater Mekong Subregion / Yunnan Province
Cross section and analyzing power of pol{p}p -> pn pi+ near threshold
The cross section and analyzing power of the pol{p}p -> pn pi+ reaction near
threshold are estimated in terms of data obtained from the pol{p}p -> d pi+ and
pp -> pp pi0 reactions. A simple final state interaction theory is developed
which depends weakly upon the form of the pion-production operator and includes
some Coulomb corrections. Within the uncertainties of the model and the input
data, the approach reproduces well the measured energy dependence of the total
cross section and the proton analyzing power at a fixed pion c.m. angle of
90deg, from threshold to T_p = 330 MeV. The variation of the differential cross
section with pion angle is also very encouraging.Comment: 20 pages, Latex including 4 eps figure
Shearing behavior of polydisperse media
We study the shearing of polydisperse and bidisperse media with a size ratio
of 10. Simulations are performed with a the two dimensional shear cell using
contact dynamics. With a truncated power law for the polydisperse media we find
that they show a stronger dilatancy and greater resistance to shearing than
bidisperse mixtures. Motivated by the practical problem of reducing the energy
needed to shear granular media, we introduce "point-like particles"
representing charged particles in the distribution. Even though changing the
kinematic behavior very little, they reduce the force necessary to maintain a
fixed shearing velocity.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figure
Corrigendum
Identification of grape cultivars from Liguria (north-western Italy)Vitis 48 (4),175-183 (2009
Paris nucleon-antinucleon potential constrained by recent antiprotonic-atom data and antineutron-proton total cross sections
We report on an updated Paris nucleon-antinucleon optical potential. The
long- and intermediate-range real parts are obtained by G-parity transformation
of the Paris nucleon-nucleon potential based on a theoretical
dispersion-relation treatment of the correlated and uncorrelated two-pion
exchange. The short-range imaginary potential parametrization results from the
calculation of the nucleon-antinucleon annihilation box diagram into two mesons
with a nucleon-antinucleon intermediate state in the crossed channel. The
parametrized real and imaginary short range parts are determined by fitting not
only the existing experimental data included in the 1999 version of the Paris
nucleon-antinucleon potential, but also the recent antiprotonic-hydrogen data
and antineutron-proton total cross sections. The description of these new
observables is improved. Only this readjusted potential generates an isospin
zero 1S0, 52 MeV broad quasibound state at 4.8 MeV below the threshold. Recent
BES data on J/psi decays could support the existence of such a state.Comment: 10 pages, 20 figures, expanded version with more detail
Scoping study on natural resources and climate change in Southeast Asia with a focus on agriculture. Final report
Climate change / Natural resources / Environmental effects / Agroecology / Agricultural production / Crops / Cropping systems / Farming systems / Livestock / Fisheries / Food security / Water management / Economic aspects / Rural poverty / Policy / Nutrient management / South East Asia / Cambodia / Laos / Thailand / Vietnam / Myanmar / China / Greater Mekong Subregion / Tonle Sap / Yunnan
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