Application of new physical storage technology in fruit and vegetable industry

With the development of science and technology, consumers not only require food to be safe, but also require them to keep the original natural flavor and nutritional value as well, while the traditional chemical storage method has been increasingly unable to satisfy consumers’ demand. When compared with chemical method, physical technology has more obvious advantage. This article introduces some commonly-used chemical methods and some modern methods.Key words: New physical storage technology, plasma storage technology, electrolyzed reduction water technology, super ice-temperature technolog

Crystallization of the FAD-independent acetolactate synthase of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Leucine and valine are formed in a common pathway from pyruvate in which the first intermediate is 2-acetolactate. In some bacteria, this compound also has a catabolic fate as the starting point for the butanediol fermentation. The enzyme (EC 4.1.3.18) that forms 2-acetolactate is known as either acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) or acetolactate synthase (ALS), with the latter name preferred for the catabolic enzyme. A significant difference between AHAS and ALS is that the former requires FAD for catalytic activity, although the reason for this requirement is not well understood. Both enzymes require the cofactor thiamine diphosphate. Here, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the Klebsiella pneumoniae ALS is reported. Data to 2.6 Angstrom resolution have been collected at 100 K using a rotating-anode generator and an R-AXIS IV++ detector. Crystals have unit-cell parameters a = 137.4, b = 143.9, c = 134.4 Angstrom, alpha = 90, beta = 108.4, gamma = 90degrees and belong to space group C2. Preliminary analysis indicates that there are four monomers located in each asymmetric unit

Crystallization of Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase in complex with the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorimuron ethyl

Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS; EC 2.2.1.6) catalyses the formation of 2-acetolactate and 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate as the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine. The enzyme is inhibited by a wide range of substituted sulfonylureas and imidazolinones and many of these compounds are used as commercial herbicides. Here, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the catalytic subunit of Arabidopsis thaliana AHAS in complex with the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorimuron ethyl are reported. This is the first report of the structure of any plant protein in complex with a commercial herbicide. Crystals diffract to 3.0 Angstrom resolution, have unit-cell parameters a = b = 179.92, c = 185.82 Angstrom and belong to space group P6(4)22. Preliminary analysis indicates that there is one monomer in the asymmetric unit and that these are arranged as pairs of dimers in the crystal. The dimers form a very open hexagonal lattice, with a high solvent content of 81%

Optimización y evaluación de aceite de salvado de mijo (Setaria italica) mediante extracción supercrítica con dióxido de carbono

A Box-Behnken central composite design combined with the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters of a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of foxtail millet bran oil (FMBO). Results showed that a maximum oil yield of 7.97% was achieved under the optimal conditions with an extracting pressure of 30.03MPa, extracting temperature of 47.93 °C; and an extraction time of 2.3 h. The quality of the oil obtained from SFE and solvent extraction (SE) was evaluated by proximate analysis to include physicochemical properties, fatty acids and sterol compounds. The FBMO obtained from SFE showed a much lower phospholipid (0.188 mg/g) content and a preferable color compared to the oil from SE, while it contained a higher content of total sterols, 1.55%. The thermal gravimetric analysis results showed one major regime of weight loss over a temperature range of 300–500 °C. The results show that FBMO obtained by SFE can be a promising nutritional source for food fortification and is understood to have more potentially healthy biological properties.Un diseño Box-Behnken combinado con la metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM) se usó para optimizar los parámetros de extracción mediante fluido supercrítico (SFE) de aceite de salvado de mijo (FMBO). Los resultados mostraron que un rendimiento máximo de extracción de aceite del 7,97% se logró en las condiciones óptimas correspondientes a una presión de 30.03MPa, una temperatura 47.93 °C y un tiempo 2,3H. Además, se evaluó la calidad del aceite obtenido por SFE y mediante extracción con disolvente (SE) a partir de un análisis proximal que incluye propiedades fisicoquímicas, ácidos grasos y esteroles. El aceite de FBMO obtenido mediante SFE mostró un contenido mucho menor de fosfolípidos (0.188 mg/g) y un color mas aceptable que el aceite de la SE, mientras que contenía un mayor contenido de esteroles totales: 1,55%. El resultado del análisis térmico gravimétrico mostró un régimen importante de pérdida de peso durante un intervalo de temperatura de 300–500 °C. Los resultados muestran que FBMO obtenido por SFE puede ser una fuente nutricional prometedora para la fortificación de alimentos y se supone potencialmente que tiene mejores propiedades biológicas saludables

Normal families and fixed points of iterates

Let F be a family of holomorphic functions and let K be a constant less than 4. Suppose that for all f in F the second iterate of f does not have fixed points for which the modulus of the multiplier is greater than K. We show that then F is normal. This is deduced from a result about the multipliers of iterated polynomials.Comment: 5 page