Unidad did?ctica para el aprendizaje significativo de funciones cuadr?ticas en los estudiantes de grado 9 de la instituci?n educativa Leonidas Rubio Villegas de Ibagu?

129 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste proyecto tiene como objetivo, generar aprendizaje significativo de las funciones cuadr?ticas en estudiantes de grado noveno de la instituci?n educativa Le?nidas Rubio Villegas - Sede Principal de Ibagu?. Con base en un problema identificado en la pr?ctica docente se dise?a y se aplica una unidad did?ctica bajo fundamentaciones te?ricas, particularmente las de aprendizaje significativo. La unidad est? influenciada bajo la corriente del Paidocentrismo (el alumno como centro), la cual busca la autoformaci?n del estudiante una investigaci?n- acci?n, se aplic? una prueba antes y despu?s de la ejecuci?n de las actividades propuestas, en ?ltima instancia se ilustra un cuadro comparativo entre las dos para evaluar la efectividad de la unidad did?ctica. La indagaci?n en el aula es un proceso que todo docente deber?a realizar d?a a d?a por ?tica profesional para mejorar la calidad de su ense?anza. Se pudo apreciar que la unidad did?ctica tuvo efectividad en el momento que los estudiantes se sienten contextualizados con la realidad y las funciones cuadr?ticas. Cuando se pone en contacto el estudiante con situaciones de la vida real, articula la abstracci?n de las funciones cuadr?ticas para el entendimiento de fen?menos sociales, f?sicos, qu?micos naturales, etc.The aim of this project is generating meaningful learning of quadratic functions in the ninth grade students from the Institution Educative Leonidas Rubio Villegas ? Sede Principal de Ibague. Based on an identified problem seen in the practicum. A didactic unit is designed and applied under theoretical foundations, particularly meaningful learning. The unit is influenced under the current of Paidocentrismo (Students as center), which seeks self-training student in action research. A test was applied before and after the implementation of the proposed activities, ultimately, it illustrates a comparative table between the two to assess the effectiveness of the didactic Unit. The inquiry in the classroom is a process that every teacher should make daily for professional ethics to improve the quality of their teaching. It was observed that the didactic unit was effective at the moment that students felt contextualized with the reality and the quadratic functions. When the students get contact with the real-life situations, they articulate the abstraction of quadratic functions for the understanding of social, physical, chemical, natural phenomena, etc. Keywords: Meaningful learning, Quadratic Functions, contextualization

Representaciones sociales y pr?cticas de la lectura en el grado primero del conservatorio de Ibagu? ? sede Bel?n.

172 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoLa siguiente investigaci?n titulada ?Representaciones Sociales y Pr?cticas de la lectura en el grado primero del Conservatorio de Ibagu? ? Sede Bel?n.? Centr? su principal an?lisis en el reconocimiento y conceptualizaci?n de las representaciones sociales que tienen los docentes y estudiantes del grado primero de primaria de la jornada ma?ana frente a la lectura en relaci?n con sus propias pr?cticas. En este sentido, hallar las diferentes representaciones sociales, nos permitir? conocer como los maestros y estudiantes construyen ideol?gica y culturalmente sus propias pr?cticas entorno a la lectura, por lo cual, se hace necesario por medio de una amplia metodolog?a conocer c?mo est?n actuando los maestros en las aulas escolares y c?mo por medio de su pr?ctica develan en sus estudiantes un constructo social entorno a la lectura.ABSTRACT The following research entitled "Social Representations and Practices of reading in the first grade Conservatorio Ibagu? -. Headquarters Belen" focused his main analysis in the recognition and conceptualization of social representations which teachers and students of the first grade of primary day morning outside reading in relation to their own practices. In this sense, finding different social representations allow us to know how teachers and students construct ideological and culturally their own practices around reading, so it is necessary through a comprehensive methodology to know how they are acting teachers in the classroom and how through their practice in their students reveal a social construct around reading.INTRODUCCI?N 14 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 15 2. PREGUNTAS DE INVESTIGACI?N 17 3. OBJETIVOS 18 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 18 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 18 4. JUSTIFICACI?N 19 5. MARCO TE?RICO 22 5.1 LECTURA 22 5.1.1 Lectura desde la Alfabetizaci?n 22 5.1.2 Lectura desde la Decodificaci?n 24 5.1.3 Lectura como Liberaci?n 26 5.1.4 Lectura del Grado Primero en Colombia 27 5.2 EVALUACI?N DE LA LECTURA 30 5.2.1 Consideraciones 31 5.3 REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES 32 5.3.1 La Representaci?n y el Contexto 33 5.3.1.1 Consideraciones. 37 8 5.4 LAS PR?CTICAS 37 5.4.1 Consideraciones 41 6. ANTECEDENTES 43 7. METODOLOG?A 57 P?g. 7.1 ENFOQUE Y TIPO DE ESTUDIO 56 7.2 PARTICIPANTES Y CONTEXTO 56 7.3 PROCEDIMIENTOS E INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 57 7.3.1 Fase Etnogr?fica 58 7.3.2 Fase de Aplicaci?n 58 7.3.3 Fase de An?lisis 62 7.3.4 Fase de Consolidaci?n Interpretativa y Propositiva. 63 8. ANALISIS DE LA INFORMACI?N 64 8.1 SECUENCIA DIDACTICA 64 8.1.1 Grupo Focal. Grupo Focal 64 8.2 ENTREVISTA DE ESTUDIANTES 64 9. REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES UN VIAJE DEL MAESTRO AL NI?O 66 9.1 REPRESENTACI?N SOCIAL DE LA LECTURA COMO ?MEDIO DE SUPERACI?N? 66 9.1.1 Representaci?n Social de la Lectura como Decodificaci?n 72 9.2 REPRESENTACI?N SOCIAL: LEER PARA COMPRENDER 76 79 9 10. DE LA REPRESENTACI?N A LA PR?CTICA 10.1 EL TRADICIONALISMO CONVENCIONAL 81 10.2 PR?CTICAS EVALUATIVAS DE LECTURA 89 10.3 LIBRO DE TEXTO ACOMPA?ANTE DE LAS PR?CTICAS LECTORAS 95 10.4 NUEVAS PR?CTICAS EN EL ARTE DE LEER 100 11. PLAN DE ACCI?N O MEJORAMIENTO 105 12. CONCLUSIONES 109 RECOMENDACIONES 111 REFERENCIAS 11

Raman spectroscopy of the arsenate minerals maxwellite and in comparison with tilasite.

Maxwellite NaFe3+(AsO4)F is an arsenate mineral containing fluoride and forms a continuous series with tilasite CaMg(AsO4)F. Both maxwellite and tilasite form a continuous series with durangite NaAl3+(AsO4)- F. We have used the combination of scanning electron microscopy with EDS and vibrational spectroscopy to chemically analyse the mineral maxwellite and make an assessment of the molecular structure. Chemical analysis shows that maxwellite is composed of Fe, Na and Ca with minor amounts of Mn and Al. Raman bands for tilasite at 851 and 831 cm_1 are assigned to the Raman active m1 symmetric stretching vibration (A1) and the Raman active triply degenerate m3 antisymmetric stretching vibration (F2). The Raman band of maxwellite at 871 cm_1 is assigned to the m1 symmetric stretching vibration and the Raman band at 812 cm_1 is assigned to the m3 antisymmetric stretching vibration. The intense Raman band of tilasite at 467 cm_1 is assigned to the Raman active triply degenerate m4 bending vibration (F2). Raman band at 331 cm_1 for tilasite is assigned to the Raman active doubly degenerate m2 symmetric bending vibration (E). Both Raman and infrared spectroscopy do not identify any bands in the hydroxyl stretching region as is expected

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the copper bearing silicate mineral luddenite.

The molecular structure of the copper?lead silicate mineral luddenite has been analysed using vibrational spectroscopy. The mineral is only one of many silicate minerals containing copper. The intense Raman band at 978 cm 1 is assigned to the m1 (A1g) symmetric stretching vibration of Si5O14 units. Raman bands at 1122, 1148 and 1160 cm 1 are attributed to the m3 SiO4 antisymmetric stretching vibrations. The bands in the 678?799 cm 1 are assigned to OSiO bending modes of the (SiO3)n chains. Raman bands at 3317 and 3329 cm 1 are attributed to water stretching bands. Bands at 3595 and 3629 cm 1 are associated with the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl units suggesting that hydroxyl units exist in the structure of luddenite

The molecular structure of the borate mineral szaibelyite MgBO2(OH) : a vibrational spectroscopic study.

We have studied the borate mineral szaibelyite MgBO2(OH) using electron microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. EDS spectra show a phase composed of Mg with minor amounts of Fe. Both tetrahedral and trigonal boron units are observed. The nominal resolution of the Raman spectrometer is of the order of 2 cm 1 and as such is sufficient enough to identify separate bands for the stretching bands of the two boron isotopes. The Raman band at 1099 cm 1 with a shoulder band at 1093 cm 1 is assigned to BO stretching vibration. Raman bands at 1144, 1157, 1229, 1318 cm 1 are attributed to the BOH in-plane bending modes. Raman bands at 836 and 988 cm 1 are attributed to the antisymmetric stretching modes of tetrahedral boron. The infrared bands at 3559 and 3547 cm 1 are assigned to hydroxyl stretching vibrations. Broad infrared bands at 3269 and 3398 cm 1 are assigned to water stretching vibrations. Infrared bands at 1306, 1352, 1391, 1437 cm 1 are assigned to the antisymmetric stretching vibrations of trigonal boron. Vibrational spectroscopy enables aspects of the molecular structure of the borate mineral szaibelyite to be assessed

The molecular structure of the phosphate mineral senegalite Al2(PO4)(OH)3-3H2O - a vibrational spectroscopic study.

We have studied the mineral senagalite, a hydrated hydroxy phosphate of aluminium with formula Al2(-PO4)(OH)3_3H2O using a combination of electron microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. Senegalite crystal aggregates shows tabular to prismatic habitus and orthorhombic form. The Raman spectrum is dominated by an intense band at 1029 cm_1 assigned to the PO3_ 4 m1 symmetric stretching mode. Intense Raman bands are found at 1071 and 1154 cm_1 with bands of lesser intensity at 1110, 1179 and 1206 cm_1 and are attributed to the PO3_ 4 m3 antisymmetric stretching vibrations. The infrared spectrum shows complexity with a series overlapping bands. A comparison is made with spectra of other aluminium containing phosphate minerals such as augelite and turquoise. Multiple bands are observed for the phosphate bending modes giving support for the reduction of symmetry of the phosphate anion. Vibrational spectroscopy offers a means for the assessment of the structure of senagalite

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the silicate mineral harmotome ? (Ba,Na,K)1-2(Si,Al)8O16 6H2O ? a natural zeolite.

The mineral harmotome (Ba,Na,K)1-2(Si,Al)8O16 6H2O is a crystalline sodium calcium silicate which has the potential to be used in plaster boards and other industrial applications. It is a natural zeolite with catalytic potential. Raman bands at 1020 and 1102 cm 1 are assigned to the SiO stretching vibrations of three dimensional siloxane units. Raman bands at 428, 470 and 491 cm 1 are assigned to OSiO bending modes. The broad Raman bands at around 699, 728, 768 cm 1 are attributed to water librational modes. Intense Raman bands in the 3100 to 3800 cm 1 spectral range are assigned to OH stretching vibrations of water in harmotome. Infrared spectra are in harmony with the Raman spectra. A sharp infrared band at 3731 cm 1 is assigned to the OH stretching vibration of SiOH units. Raman spectroscopy with complimentary infrared spectroscopy enables the characterization of the silicate mineral harmotome

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Apixaban Versus Edoxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the cost effectiveness of apixaban versus edoxaban in the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism (SE) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Spain. METHODS: We customized a Markov model with ten health states to estimate the lifetime economic and clinical outcomes in 6-week cycles. The efficacy (clinical event rates per 100 patient-years) and safety data were derived from a pairwise indirect treatment comparison. The analysis was conducted from both the national health service (NHS) and societal perspectives, and included pharmaceutical costs (retail price plus value-added tax (VAT) and applicable national deductions) according to daily dosages (apixaban 10 mg (5 mg twice daily (bid)) and edoxaban 60 or 30 mg) and complications and disease-management costs, obtained from national databases. Utilities for quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) calculations reflected EuroQoL 5-Dimension scores in patients with AF. An annual discount rate of 3% was applied for costs (euro, year 2019 values) and outcomes. RESULTS: In a 1000-patient cohort, apixaban 5 mg bid versus edoxaban 60 mg could avoid five strokes, six major bleedings and 29 clinically relevant non-major bleedings (CRNMBs). Compared with edoxaban 30 mg, apixaban could avoid 21 strokes and two SEs. An increase in bleedings was observed with apixaban (seven haemorrhagic strokes, 48 major bleedings and 17 CRNMBs). Apixaban yielded 0.04 additional QALYs compared with edoxaban 60 mg or 30 mg. Incremental costs/QALY were euro9639.33 and euro354.22 for apixaban versus edoxaban 60 mg and edoxaban 30 mg, respectively, from the NHS perspective and euro7756.62 for apixaban versus edoxaban 60 mg from the societal perspective. Apixaban was dominant versus edoxaban 30 mg from the societal perspective. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the model. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that apixaban 5 mg bid is a cost-effective alternative to edoxaban for stroke prevention in the AF population in Spain

The molecular structure of the borate mineral inderite Mg(H4B3O7)(OH)-5H2O - a vibrational spectroscopic study.

We have undertaken a study of the mineral inderite Mg(H4B3O7)(OH)_5H2O a hydrated hydroxy borate mineral of magnesium using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and vibrational spectroscopic techniques. The structure consists of ?B3O3?OH?5_2_ soroborate groups and Mg(OH)2(H2O)4 octahedra interconnected into discrete molecules by the sharing of two OH groups. Thermogravimetry shows a mass loss of 47.2% at 137.5 _C, proving the mineral is thermally unstable. Raman bands at 954, 1047 and 1116 cm_1 are assigned to the trigonal symmetric stretching mode. The two bands at 880 and 916 cm_1 are attributed to the symmetric stretching mode of the tetrahedral boron. Both the Raman and infrared spectra of inderite show complexity. Raman bands are observed at 3052, 3233, 3330, 3392 attributed to water stretching vibrations and 3459 cm_1 with sharper bands at 3459, 3530 and 3562 cm_1 assigned to OH stretching vibrations. Vibrational spectroscopy is used to assess the molecular structure of inderite

Improved personalized survival prediction of patients with diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma using gene expression profiling

BACKGROUND: Thirty to forty percent of patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) have an adverse clinical evolution. The increased understanding of DLBCL biology has shed light on the clinical evolution of this pathology, leading to the discovery of prognostic factors based on gene expression data, genomic rearrangements and mutational subgroups. Nevertheless, additional efforts are needed in order to enable survival predictions at the patient level. In this study we investigated new machine learning-based models of survival using transcriptomic and clinical data. METHODS: Gene expression profiling (GEP) of in 2 different publicly available retrospective DLBCL cohorts were analyzed. Cox regression and unsupervised clustering were performed in order to identify probes associated with overall survival on the largest cohort. Random forests were created to model survival using combinations of GEP data, COO classification and clinical information. Cross-validation was used to compare model results in the training set, and Harrel's concordance index (c-index) was used to assess model's predictability. Results were validated in an independent test set. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-three and sixty-four patients were included in the training and test set, respectively. Initially we derived and validated a 4-gene expression clusterization that was independently associated with lower survival in 20% of patients. This pattern included the following genes: TNFRSF9, BIRC3, BCL2L1 and G3BP2. Thereafter, we applied machine-learning models to predict survival. A set of 102 genes was highly predictive of disease outcome, outperforming available clinical information and COO classification. The final best model integrated clinical information, COO classification, 4-gene-based clusterization and the expression levels of 50 individual genes (training set c-index, 0.8404, test set c-index, 0.7942). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that DLBCL survival models based on the application of machine learning algorithms to gene expression and clinical data can largely outperform other important prognostic variables such as disease stage and COO. Head-to-head comparisons with other risk stratification models are needed to compare its usefulness