23,968 research outputs found
Note on the space group selection rule for closed strings on orbifolds
It is well-known that the space group selection rule constrains the
interactions of closed strings on orbifolds. For some examples, this rule has
been described by an effective Abelian symmetry that combines with a
permutation symmetry to a non-Abelian flavor symmetry like or
. However, the general case of the effective Abelian symmetries was
not yet fully understood. In this work, we formalize the computation of the
Abelian symmetry that results from the space group selection rule by imposing
two conditions only: (i) well-defined discrete charges and (ii) their
conservation. The resulting symmetry, which we call the space group flavor
symmetry , is uniquely specified by the Abelianization of the space group.
For all Abelian orbifolds with supersymmetry we compute and
identify new cases, for example, where contains a dark
matter-parity with charges 0 and 1 for massless and massive strings,
respectively.Comment: 28 pages, 1 tabl
A novel scheme to aid coherent detection of GMSK signals in fast Rayleigh fading channels
A novel scheme to insert carrier pilot to Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) signal using Binary Block Code (BBC) and a highpass filter in baseband is proposed. This allows the signal to be coherently demodulated even in a fast Rayleigh fading environment. As an illustrative example, the scheme is applied to a 16 kb/s GMSK signal, and its performance over a fast Rayleigh fading channel is investigated using computer simulation. This modem's 'irreducible error rate' is found to be Pe = 5.5 x 10(exp -5) which is more than that of differential detection. The modem's performance in Rician fading channel is currently under investigation
Mirage Torsion
Z_NxZ_M orbifold models admit the introduction of a discrete torsion phase.
We find that models with discrete torsion have an alternative description in
terms of torsionless models. More specifically, discrete torsion can be 'gauged
away' by changing the shifts by lattice vectors. Similarly, a large class of
the so-called generalized discrete torsion phases can be traded for changing
the background fields (Wilson lines) by lattice vectors. We further observe
that certain models with generalized discrete torsion are equivalent to
torsionless models with the same gauge embedding but based on different
compactification lattices. We also present a method of classifying heterotic
Z_NxZ_M orbifolds.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figures, v2: matches version published in JHE
Infinite number of MSSMs from heterotic line bundles?
We consider heterotic E8xE8 supergravity compactified on smooth Calabi-Yau
manifolds with line bundle gauge backgrounds. Infinite sets of models that
satisfy the Bianchi identities and flux quantization conditions can be
constructed by letting their background flux quanta grow without bound. Even
though we do not have a general proof, we find that all examples are at the
boundary of the theory's validity: the Donaldson-Uhlenbeck-Yau equations, which
can be thought of as vanishing D-term conditions, cannot be satisfied inside
the Kaehler cone unless a growing number of scalar Vacuum Expectation Values
(VEVs) is switched on. As they are charged under various line bundles
simultaneously, the gauge background gets deformed by these VEVs to a
non-Abelian bundle. In general, our physical expectation is that such infinite
sets of models should be impossible, since they never seem to occur in exact
CFT constructions.Comment: LaTeX, 8 pages, 4 tables, some references and comments adde
Violation from String Theory
We identify a natural way to embed symmetry and its violation
in string theory. The symmetry of the low energy effective
theory is broken by the presence of heavy string modes.
violation is the result of an interplay of and flavor symmetry.
violating decays of the heavy modes could originate a
cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Solar mass-varying neutrino oscillations
We propose that the solar neutrino deficit may be due to oscillations of
mass-varying neutrinos (MaVaNs). This scenario elucidates solar neutrino data
beautifully while remaining comfortably compatible with atmospheric neutrino
and K2K data and with reactor antineutrino data at short and long baselines
(from CHOOZ and KamLAND). We find that the survival probability of solar MaVaNs
is independent of how the suppression of neutrino mass caused by the
acceleron-matter couplings varies with density. Measurements of MeV and lower
energy solar neutrinos will provide a rigorous test of the idea.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Version to appear in PR
Unification of Flavor, CP, and Modular Symmetries
Flavor symmetry plays a crucial role in the standard model of particle
physics but its origin is still unknown. We develop a new method (based on
outer automorphisms of the Narain space group) to determine flavor symmetries
within compactified string theory. A picture emerges where traditional
(discrete) flavor symmetries, CP-like symmetries and modular symmetries (like
T-duality) of string theory combine to unified flavor symmetries. The groups
depend on the geometry of compact space and the geographical location of fields
in the extra dimensions. We observe a phenomenon of "local flavor groups" with
potentially different flavor symmetries for the various sectors of quarks and
leptons. This should allow interesting connections to existing bottom-up
attempts in flavor model building.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor changes, version accepted by PL
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